M/S EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY, BHARATPUR V. INCOME TAX OFFICER (EXEMPTION), ALWAR

ITA 1004/JPR/2017

• Counselvise Citation: [2018] 126 COUNSELVISE.COM (IT) 2161 (ITAT-JAIPUR)
• Duration Of Justice: 1 month(s) 10 day(s)
• Appeal Type: Income Tax Appeal
• Pronouncement Date: 29-01-2018
• Appeal Filed By: Assessee
• Order Result: Allowed
• Bench Allotted: SMC
• Assessment Year: 2010-2011
• Appeal Filed On: 19-12-2017
• Result in Favour of: Assessee
• Court: TRIBUNAL
• Department Lawyers: AJAY MALIK CIT DHK
• Keywords: Reopening of assessment; Revision of order; Depreciation; Charitable institution; Additional depreciation; Tangible material; Difference of opinion; Reason to believe; Change of opinion; Reassessment proceedings
• Section: 143(3); 142(1); 12AA; 147; 148; 263; 11

Judgement Text

VK;DJ VIHYH; VF/KDJ.K] T;IQJ U;K;IHB] T;IQJ IN THE INCOME TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL, JAIPUR BENCHE S, JAIPUR JH FOT; IKY JKO] U;KF;D LNL; ,OA JH FOE FLAG ;KN O] YS[KK LNL; DS LE{K BEFORE: SHRI VIJAY PAL RAO, JM AND SHRI VIKRAM SIN GH YADAV, AM VK;DJ VIHY LA-@ ITA NO. 1004/JP/2017 FU/KZKJ.K O'K Z@ ASSESSMENT YEAR : 2010-11. M/S EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY, 1, SHANTI NAGAR, FATEHPURI SIKRI ROAD, BHARATPUR-321001 (RAJ.) CUKE VS. ITO (EXEMPTION) WARD-ALWAR. LFKK;H YS[KK LA-@THVKBZVKJ LA-@ PAN NO. AAATE 1744 P VIHYKFKHZ@ APPELLANT IZR;FKHZ@ RESPONDENT FU/KZKFJRH DH VKSJ LS@ ASSESSEE BY : SHRI RAJENDRA AGARWAL (CA) JKTLO DH VKSJ LS@ REVENUE BY : SHRI AJAY MALIK (ADDL CIT) LQUOKBZ DH RKJH[K@ DATE OF HEARING : 23.01.2018. ?KKS'K .KK DH RKJH[K@ DATE OF PRONOUNCEMENT : 29/01/2018. VKNS'K@ ORDER PER: VIJAY PAL RAO, JM THIS APPEAL BY THE ASSESSEE IS DIRECTED AGAINST THE ORDER OF LD. CIT (A)-22, ALWAR DATED 03/10/2017 PERTAINING TO THE ASSESSMENT YEAR 2010-11. THE ASSESSEE HAS RAISED THE FOLLOWING GROUNDS OF THIS APPEAL:- ON THE FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE, THE LD . CIT(A) HAS ERRED IN CONFIRMING:- 1. RE-OPENING OF ASSESSMENT U/S 147 OF THE INCOME TAX ACT, 1961. 2. NOT COMMUNICATING THE REASONS RECORDED U/S 148(2) O F THE INCOME TAX ACT, 1961 AND CUTTING THE RIGHT OF THE ASSESSEE TO FILE THE OBJECTIONS BEFORE THE LD. AO. 3. DISALLOWING EXEMPTION OF RS. 12,34,179/- CLAIMED U/ S 11 OF THE INCOME TAX ACT, 1961. 4. ISSUING NOTICE OF DEMAND U/S 156 OF THE I.T. ACT, 1 961 DT. 29.02.2016 FOR THE A.Y. 2013-14 IN PLACE OF A.Y. 2010-11. 2 ITA NO. 1004/JP/2017. M/S EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY. THE APPELLANT RESERVES HIS RIGHT TO AMEND, ADD, ALT ER, CHANGE OR DELETE ANY OF THE GROUNDS OF THE APPEAL, EITHER BEFORE OR DURING THE COURSE OF HEARING. 2. THE GROUND NO. 1 AND 2 ARE REGARDING THE VALIDIT Y OF REOPENING U/S 147/148 OF THE ACT. THE ASSESSEE IS TRUST AND RUNNING EDUC ATION INSTITUTIONS NAMELY SIR CHHOTU RAM TRAINING INSTITUTE, BHARATPUR. THE ASS ESSEE WAS GRANTED REGISTRATION U/S 12AA OF THE ACT VIDE ORDER DATED 04/11/2004. T HE ASSESSEE FILED ITS RETURN OF INCOME DECLARING NIL INCOME ON 15/10/2010 AND SCRUT INY ASSESSMENT U/S 143(3) WAS COMPLETED BY THE AO VIDE ORDER DATED 18.03.2013; TH EREBY THE RETURN INCOME AND EXEMPTION/DEDUCTION CLAIMED U/S 11 OF THE ACT WAS A CCEPTED BY THE AO. SUBSEQUENTLY, THE ASSESSING OFFICER PROPOSED TO REO PEN THE ASSESSMENT BY ISSUING THE NOTICE U/S 148 ON 16/03/2015 TO ASSESS THE SURP LUS INCOME TO TAX. THE ASSESSEE RAISED OBJECTION AGAINST REOPENING OF THE ASSESSMEN T BEFORE THE LD. CIT(A), BUT COULD NOT SUCCEED. 3. BEFORE US, THE LD. AR OF THE ASSESSEE SUBMITTED THAT WHILE COMPLETING THE SCRUTINY ASSESSMENT U/S 143(3) VIDE ORDER DATED 18. 03.2013, THE ASSESSING OFFICER HAS EXAMINED ALL THE DETAILS AND RECORDS AND ACCEPT ED THE EXPENDITURE INCURRED BY THE ASSESSEE AS FOR CHARITABLE PURPOSE AND ACCORDIN GLY ACCEPTED THE CLAIM OF THE ASSESSEE U/S 11 OF THE ACT. THE SUBSEQUENT REOPENIN G OF THE ASSESSMENT IS NOTHING BUT BASED ON CHANGED OF OPINION ON THE BASIS OF THE SAME RECORD AND MATERIAL AVAILABLE WITH THE AO. THEREFORE, THE LD. AR HAS S UBMITTED THAT NO FRESH MATERIAL CAME TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE AO AFTER COMPLETION OF ASSESSMENT U/S 143(3) AND THEREFORE THE REOPENING IS NOTHING BUT BASED ON CHA NGED OF OPINION WHICH IS NOT 3 ITA NO. 1004/JP/2017. M/S EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY. PERMISSIBLE UNDER LAW. HE HAS FURTHER SUBMITTED TH AT THE ASSESSEE TRUST HAS SHOWN THE AGGREGATE ANNUAL RECEIPT OF RS. 36,05,243/- OUT OF WHICH AN AMOUNT OF RS. 32,99,012/- WAS INCURRED UPON CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES . THE ASSESSING OFFICER AFTER GOING THROUGH THE DETAILS, INFORMATION AND BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS AS WELL AS BILLS/VOUCHERS ACCEPTED THE RETURN INCOME DECLARED BY THE ASSESSEE TRUST WHILE COMPLETING THE ASSESSMENT. THE ASSESSING OFFICER R EOPENED THE ASSESSMENT BY FORMING THE BELIEVE ON THE BASIS OF RE-APPRECIATION OF MATERIAL ALREADY AVAILABLE ON RECORD AT THE TIME OF SCRUTINY ASSESSMENT. THEREFO RE, THE REOPENING IS NOT VALID AND LIABLE TO BE SET ASIDE. IN SUPPORT OF HIS CONTENTIO N HE HAS RELIED UPON THE DECISION OF HONBLE JURISDICTIONAL HIGH COURT IN CASE OF CIT VS . HINDUSTAN ZINC LTD. 393 ITR 264. 4. ON THE OTHER HAND, LD. D/R HAS RELIED UPON THE O RDERS OF THE AUTHORITIES BELOW AND SUBMITTED THAT THE ASSESSING OFFICER AFTE R COMPLETION OF ASSESSMENT U/S 143(3) HAS NOTICED THIS FACT THAT THE ASSESSEE HAS NOT APPLIED THE INCOME IN RESPECT OF THE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION NAMELY SIR CHHOTU R AM TRAINING INSTITUTE AND THEREFORE THE SURPLUS WHICH IS MORE THAN THE PERMIS SIBLE LIMIT OF 15% IS LIABLE TO BE TAXED. 5. WE HAVE CONSIDERED THE RIVAL CONTENTIONS AS WELL AS THE MATERIAL AVAILABLE ON RECORD. THE ASSESSEE TRUST IS RUNNING AN EDUCATION AL INSTITUTIONS AND THE OBJECTS AND ACTIVITIES OF THE ASSESSEE TRUST WERE ACCEPTED AS CHARITABLE IN NATURE WHILE GRANTED REGISTRATION U/S 12AA OF THE ACT VIDE ORDER DATED 04.11.2004. FOR THE YEAR UNDER CONSIDERATION THE ASSESSEE FILED RETURN OF IN COME ON 15.10.2010 AND DECLARED NIL INCOME AFTER CLAIMING THE BENEFIT OF SECTION 11 OF THE ACT. THE ASSESSING OFFICER 4 ITA NO. 1004/JP/2017. M/S EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY. WHILE COMPLETED THE ASSESSMENT U/S 143(3) VIDE ORDE R DATED 18.03.2013 HAS ACCEPTED THE RETURN INCOME AS UNDER:- ASSESSMENT ORDER THE RETURN OR INCOME DECLARING TOTAL INCOME AT RS. NIL WAS FILED BY THE ASSESSEE ON 15.10.2010 WITH ITO, WARD-3, BHARATPUR. THE SAME WAS PROCESSED U/S 143(1). THE CASE WAS SELECTED FOR SCR UTINY. NOTICE U/S 143(2) OF THE I.T. ACT WAS ISSUED ON 22.09.2011 BY ITO, WA RD-3, BHARATPUR AND WHICH WAS DULY SERVED UPON THE ASSESSEE. DUE TO CHA NGE OF JURISDICTION OF THE CASE, RECORD OF THE ASSESSEE RECEIVED IN THIS C IRCLE ON TRANSFER FROM ITO, WARD-3, BHARATPUR AND CONSEQUENTLY NOTICE U/S 143(2 ) & 142(1) ALONGWITH QUESTIONNAIRES 30.05.2012. INCOMPLIANCE THERETO, SH . RAJENDRA AGARWAL, C.A. AND A.R. OF THE ASSESSEE ATTENDED FROM TIME TO TIME AND FURNISHED REQUISITE DETAILS/INFORMATION/BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS ETC. THE ASSESSEE TRUST IS RUNNING EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTI ONS NAMELY SIR CHHOTU RAM L.S.A. TRAINING INSTITUTE AND OTHER CHARITABLE ACTI VITIES AT BHARATPUR AND REGISTERED U/S 12AA OF THE I.T. ACT BY THE WORTHY C IT, ALWAR VIDE ORDER DATED 04.11.2004. THE TRUST IS WORKING AS PER ITS BY LAWS AND CARRIED OUT CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES. ALL THE INCOME OF THE TRUST IS APPLIED FOR FULFILLMENT OF THE OBJECTS OF THE TRUST. THE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ARE EXISTI NG SOLELY FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE AND NOT FOR PURPOSE OF PROFIT. THE TRUST H AS SHOWN AGGREGATE ANNUAL RECEIPTS OF RS. 36,05,243/- OUT OF WHICH AN AMOUNT OF RS. 32,99,012/- INCURRED UPON CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES DURING THE YEAR UNDER CONSIDERATION. THUS, AFTER GOING THROUGH ALL DETAILS/INFORMATION/BOOKS O F ACCOUNTS, BILL/VOUCHERS AND WRITTEN SUBMISSION, THE RETURNED INCOME DECLARE D BY TRUST IS ACCEPTED. ASSESSED, ISSUE NECESSARY FORMS. 5.1 THUS, IT IS CLEAR THAT THE AO EXAMINED THE RELE VANT RECORD FURNISHED BY THE ASSESSEE AS WELL AS THE REQUISITE DETAILS AND FOUND THAT ALL INCOME OF THE TRUST IS 5 ITA NO. 1004/JP/2017. M/S EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY. APPLIED FOR FULFILLMENT OF OBJECTS OF THE TRUST. T HE AO HAS GIVEN THE DETAILS OF THE AGGREGATE ANNUAL RECEIPT OF RS. 36,05,243/- OUT OF WHICH AN AMOUNT OF RS. 32,99,012/- WAS FOUND TO BE INCURRED UPON CHARITABL E ACTIVITIES DURING THE YEAR UNDER CONSIDERATION. SUBSEQUENTLY, THE AO PROPOSED TO REOPEN THE ASSESSMENT BY ISSUING A NOTICE U/S 148 ON 16.03.2015. THE REASSES SMENT FRAMED U/S 143(3) READ WITH SECTION 147 OF THE ACT THE ASSESSING OFFICER H AS STATED THE REASONS FOR REOPENING AS SURPLUS INCOME OF RS. 12,34,179/- PERT AINING TO OTHER INSTITUTIONS NAMELY SIR CHHOTU RAM TRAINING INSTITUTE, BHARATP UR. THE AO HAS NOT DISPUTED THE AGGREGATE TOTAL ANNUAL RECEIPT OF RS. 36,05,243/- A ND THE TOTAL EXPENDITURE INCURRED BY THE ASSESSEE DURING THE YEAR OF RS. 32,99,012/-. HOWEVER, THE REOPENING IS BASED ON THE GROUND THAT THE ASSESSEE HAS NOT APPLIED INC OME TO THE EXTENT OF RS. 12,34,179/- PERTAINING TO SIR CHHOTU RAM TRAINING INSTITUTE IN RESPECT OF THE CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES OF THE SAID INSTITUTION. HOW EVER, THE ASSESSING OFFICER HAS NOT DISPUTED THE TOTAL EXPENDITURE INCURRED BY THE ASSE SSEE OF RS. 32,99,012/-. ACCORDINGLY, IT IS MANIFEST FROM THE RECORD THAT TH E REOPENING IS BASED ON RE- APPRECIATION OF THE FACTS, MATERIALS AND DETAILS AV AILABLE ON THE RECORD AT THE TIME OF ASSESSMENT FRAMED U/S 143(3) AND THEREFORE THE AO H AS FORMED THE BELIEVE ONLY ON THE BASIS OF THE CHANGED OF OPINION BY RE-APPRECIAT ION OF THE MATERIAL ALREADY ON RECORD. IT IS ALSO NOT IN DISPUTE THAT AFTER COMPL ETION OF ASSESSMENT U/S 143(3) NOTHING NEW HAS COME TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ASSESS ING OFFICER AND THEREFORE THE REASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS INITIATED BY THE AO OR BAS ED ON MERE CHANGED OF OPINION WHICH IS NOT SUSTAINABLE. THE HONBLE JURISDICTION AL HIGH COURT IN CASE OF CIT VS. 6 ITA NO. 1004/JP/2017. M/S EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY. HINDUSTAN ZINC LTD. (SUPRA) WHILE CONSIDERING THE IDENTICAL ISSUE AS HOLD IN P ARA 4 TO 13 AS UNDER:- 4. WE HAVE CONSIDERED THE SUBMISSIONS OF THE LEARNED COUNSEL FOR THE REVENUE AND PERUSED THE MATERIAL ON RECORD. 5. INDISPUTABLY, AS PER THE PROVISION OF SECTION 147 OF THE ACT, THE ASSESSING OFFICER IS EMPOWERED TO INITIATE THE RE- ASSESSMENT PROCEED INGS IF ANY INCOME OF THE ASSESSEE CHARGEABLE TO TAX HAS ESCAPED ASSESSMENT FOR ANY AS SESSMENT YEAR. BUT THEN, BEFORE INITIATING THE RE-ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS, THE AO HA S TO RECORD THE REASONS IN TERMS OF SUB-SECTION (2) OF SECTION 148, FOR FORMATION OF TH E BELIEF THAT ANY INCOME OF THE ASSESSEE CHARGEABLE TO TAX FOR THE RELEVANT ASSESSM ENT YEAR HAS ESCAPED ASSESSMENT. AS LAID DOWN BY THE HON'BLE SUPREME COURT, THE BELI EF ENTERTAINED BY THE ASSESSING OFFICER MUST NOT BE ARBITRARY OR IRRATIONAL, IT MUS T BE REASONABLE AND BASED ON MATERIAL ON RECORD. THE ASSUMPTION OF JURISDICTION BY THE AS SESSING OFFICER UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF THE ACT PRE-SUPPOSES DUE APPLICATION OF MIND BY THE ASSESSING OFFICER ON THE MATERIAL ON RECORD AND FORMATION OF THE BELI EF BY THE ASSESSING OFFICER THAT THE INCOME HAS ESCAPED ASSESSMENT CANNOT BE BASED ON WH IMS AND FANCY, THERE MUST EXISTS RATIONAL AND INTELLIGIBLE NEXUS BETWEEN THE REASONS AND THE BELIEF. 6. IN THE MATTER OF CALCUTTA DISCOUNT CO. LTD. V. ITO [1961] 41 ITR 191 (SC) , THE HON'BLE SUPREME COURT WHILE DEALING WITH THE AMBIT AND SCOPE OF THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 34 OF THE INDIAN INCOME TAX, 1922, WHICH WE RE SIMILAR TO THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 147 OF THE ACT OF 1961 EXPLAINED THE PURPOR TS OF SECTION 34, AS UNDER: 'TO CONFER JURISDICTION UNDER THIS SECTION TO ISSUE NOTICE IN RESPECT OF ASSESSMENTS BEYOND THE PERIOD OF FOUR YEARS, BUT WITHIN A PERIO D OF EIGHT YEARS, FROM THE END OF THE RELEVANT YEAR TWO CONDITIONS HAVE THEREFORE TO BE S ATISFIED. THE FIRST IS THAT THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER MUST HAVE REASON TO BELIEVE THAT INCOME, PROFITS OR GAINS CHARGEABLE TO INCOME-TAX HAVE BEEN UNDER- ASSESSED. THE SECOND IS THAT HE MUST HAVE ALSO REASON TO BELIEVE THAT SUCH 'UNDER-ASSESSMENT' , HAS OCCURRED BY REASON OF EITHER (I) OMISSION OR FAILURE ON THE PART OF AN ASSESSEE TO MAKE A RETURN OF HIS INCOME UNDER SECTION 22, OR (II) OMISSION OR FAILURE ON THE PART OF AN ASSESSEE TO DISCLOSE FULLY AND TRULY ALL MATERIAL FACTS NECESSARY FOR HIS ASSESSME NT FOR THAT YEAR. BOTH THESE CONDITIONS ARE CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO BE SATISFIED BEFORE THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER COULD HAVE JURISDICTION TO ISSUE A NOTICE FOR THE A SSESSMENT OR REASSESSMENT BEYOND THE PERIOD OF FOUR YEARS, BUT WITHIN THE PERIOD OF EIGHT YEARS, FROM THE END OF THE YEAR IN QUESTION.' THE HON'BLE SUPREME COURT FURTHER OBSERVED THAT IT IS DUTY OF EVERY ASSESSEE TO DISCLOSE FULLY AND TRULY ALL MATERIAL FACTS NECESSA RY FOR HIS ASSESSMENT. BUT, HIS DUTY DOES NOT EXTEND BEYOND THIS. THE HON'BLE SUPREME CO URT OPINED THAT ONCE ALL PRIMARY FACTS ARE BEFORE THE ASSESSING AUTHORITY, HE REQUIR ES NO FURTHER ASSISTANCE BY WAY OF DISCLOSURE . IT IS FOR HIM TO DECIDE WHAT INFERENCE S OF FACTS CAN BE REASONABLY DRAWN AND WHAT LEGAL INFERENCES HAVE ULTIMATELY TO BE DRA WN. 7 ITA NO. 1004/JP/2017. M/S EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY. 7. IN THE MATTER OF S. NARAYANAPPA AND OTHERS V. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, BANGALORE [1967] 63 ITR 219 , THE HON'BLE SUPREME COURT WHILE RELYING UPON THE DECISION IN THE MATTER OF CALCUTTA DISCOUNT CO. LTD. ( SUPRA ), HAS OBSERVED AS UNDER : 'BUT THE LEGAL POSITION IS THAT IF THERE ARE IN FAC T SOME REASONABLE GROUNDS FOR THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER TO BELIEVE THAT THERE HAD BEEN A NY NON-DISCLOSURE AS REGARDS ANY FACT, WHICH COULD HAVE A MATERIAL BARING ON THE QUE STION OF UNDER-ASSESSMENT, THAT WOULD BE SUFFICIENT TO GIVE JURISDICTION TO THE INC OME TAX OFFICER TO ISSUE THE NOTICE UNDER SECTION 34. WHETHER THESE GROUNDS ARE ADEQUAT E OR NOT IS NOT A MATTER FOR THE COURT TO INVESTIGATE. IN OTHER WORDS, THE SUFFICIEN CY OF THE GROUNDS WHICH INDUCED THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER TO ACT IS NOT A JUSTICIABLE ISSU E. IT IS OF COURSE OPEN FOR THE ASSESSEE TO CONTEND THAT THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER DID NOT HOLD THE BELIEF THAT THERE HAD BEEN SUCH NON-DISCLOSURE. IN OTHER WORDS, THE EXISTENCE OF THE BELIEF CAN BE CHALLENGED BY THE ASSESSEE BUT NOT THE SUFFICIENCY OF THE REASONS FOR THE BELIEF. AGAIN THE EXPRESSION 'REASON TO BELIEVE' IN SECTION 34 DOES NOT MEAN A P URELY SUBJECTIVE SATISFACTION ON THE PART OF THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER. THE BELIEF MUST BE HELD IN GOOD FAITH: IT CANNOT BE MERELY A PRETENCE. TO PUT IT DIFFERENTLY, IT IS OPE N TO THE COURT TO EXAMINE WHETHER THE REASONS FOR THE BELIEF HAVE A RATIONAL CONNECTION O R A RELEVANT BEARING TO THE FORMATION OF THE BELIEF AND ARE NOT EXTRANEOUS OR I RRELEVANT TO THE PURPOSE OF THE SECTION. TO THIS LIMITED EXTENT, THE ACTION OF THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER IN STARTING PROCEEDINGS UNDER SECTION 34 OF THE ACT IS OPEN TO CHALLENGE IN A COURT OF LAW .' (EMPHASIS SUPPLIED) 8. IN THE MATTER OF ITO V. LAKHMANI MEWAL DAS [1976] 103 ITR 437 , THE HON'BLE SUPREME COURT HAS OBSERVED AS UNDER : 'PRODUCTION BEFORE THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER OF THE AC COUNT BOOKS OR OTHER EVIDENCE FROM WHICH MATERIAL EVIDENCE COULD WITH DUE DILIGEN CE AMOUNT TO DISCLOSURE CONTEMPLATED BY LAW. THE DUTY OF THE ASSESSEE IN AN Y CASE DOES NOT EXTEND BEYOND MAKING A TRUE AND FULL DISCLOSURE OF PRIMARY FACTS. ONCE HE HAS DONE THAT HIS DUTY ENDS. IT IS FOR THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER TO DRAW THE CORRECT INFERENCE FROM THE PRIMARY FACTS. IT IS NO RESPONSIBILITY OF THE ASSESSEE TO A DVICE THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER WITH REGARD TO THE INFERENCE WHICH HE SHOULD DRAW FROM T HE PRIMARY FACTS. IF AN INCOME-TAX OFFICER DRAWS AN INFERENCE WHICH APPEARS SUBSEQUENT LY TO BE ERRONEOUS, MERE CHANGE OF OPINION WITH REGARD TO THAT INFERENCE WOULD NOT JUSTIFY INITIATION OF ACTION FOR REOPENING ASSESSMENT. THE GROUNDS OR REASONS WHICH LEAD TO THE FORMATION OF THE BELIEF CONTEMPLATED BY SECTION 147 (A) OF THE ACT MUST HAVE A MATERIAL BEA RING ON THE QUESTION OF ESCAPEMENT OF INCOME OF THE ASSESSEE FROM ASSESSMENT BECAUSE O F HIS FAILURE OR OMISSION TO DISCLOSE FULLY AND TRULY ALL MATERIAL FACTS. ONCE T HERE EXIST REASONABLE GROUNDS FOR THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER TO FORM THE ABOVE BELIEF, THAT W OULD BE SUFFICIENT TO CLOTHE HIM WITH JURISDICTION TO ISSUE NOTICE. WHETHER THE GROU NDS ARE ADEQUATE OR NOT IS NOT A MATTER FOR THE COURT TO INVESTIGATE. THE SUFFICIENC Y OF THE GROUNDS WHICH INDUCE THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER TO ACT IS, THEREFORE, NOT A JUST ICIABLE ISSUE. IT IS, OF COURSE, OPEN TO THE ASSESSEE TO CONTEND THAT THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER DID NOT HOLD THE BELIEF THAT THERE HAD BEEN SUCH NON-DISCLOSURE. THE EXISTENCE OF THE BELIEF CAN BE CHALLENGED BY THE ASSESSEE BUT NOT THE SUFFICIENCY OF THE REASONS FOR THE BELIEF. THE EXPRESSION 'REASON TO BELIEVE' DOES NOT MEAN A PURELY SUBJECTIVE SATIS FACTION ON THE PART OF THE INCOME- 8 ITA NO. 1004/JP/2017. M/S EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY. TAX OFFICER. THE REASON MUST BE HELD IN GOOD FAITH. IT CANNOT BE MERELY A PRETENSE. IT IS OPEN TO THE COURT TO EXAMINE WHETHER THE REASONS FO R THE FORMATION OF THE BELIEF HAVE A RATIONAL CONNECTION WITH OR A RELEVANT BEARING ON T HE FORMATION OF THE BELIEF AND ARE NOT EXTRANEOUS OR IRRELEVANT FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE SECTION. TO THIS LIMITED EXTENT, THE ACTION OF THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER IN STARTING PROCEE DINGS IN RESPECT OF INCOME ESCAPING ASSESSMENT IS OPEN TO CHALLENGE IN A COURT OF LAW.' THE HON'BLE SUPREME COURT FURTHER OBSERVED : 'AS STATED EARLIER, THE REASONS FOR THE FORMATION O F THE BELIEF MUST HAVE A RATIONAL CONNECTION WITH OR RELEVANT BEARING ON THE FORMATIO N OF THE BELIEF. RATIONAL CONNECTION POSTULATES THAT THERE MUST BE A DIRECT N EXUS OR LIVE LINK BETWEEN THE MATERIAL COMING TO THE NOTICE OF THE INCOME -TAX OF FICER AND THE FORMATION OF HIS BELIEF THAT THERE HAS BEEN ESCAPEMENT OF THE INCOME OF THE ASSESSEE FROM ASSESSMENT IN THE PARTICULAR YEAR BECAUSE OF HIS FAILURE TO DI SCLOSE FULLY AND TRULY ALL MATERIAL FACTS.' (EMPHASIS SUPPLIED) 9. IN THE MATTER OF GANGA SARAN & SONS (P.) LTD. V. ITO [1981] 130 ITR 1/6 TAXMAN 14 (SC) , THE HON'BLE SUPREME COURT HELD AS UNDER: '6. IT IS WELL SETTLED AS A RESULT OF SEVERAL DECIS IONS OF THIS COURT THAT TWO DISTINCT CONDITIONS MUST BE SATISFIED BEFORE THE INCOME TAX OFFICER CAN ASSUME JURISDICTION TO ISSUE NOTICE UNDER SECTION 147(A). FIRST, HE MUST H AVE REASON TO BELIEVE THAT THE INCOME OF THE ASSESSEE HAS ESCAPED ASSESSMENT AND S ECONDLY, HE MUST HAVE REASON TO BELIEVE THAT SUCH ESCAPEMENT IS BY REASON OF THE OM ISSION OR FAILURE ON THE PART OF THE ASSESSEE TO DISCLOSE FULLY AND TRULY ALL MATERIAL F ACTS NECESSARY FOR HIS ASSESSMENT. IF EITHER OF THESE CONDITIONS IS NOT FULFILLED, THE NO TICE ISSUED BY THE INCOME TAX OFFICER WOULD BE WITHOUT JURISDICTION. THE IMPORTANT WORDS UNDER SECTION 147 (A) ARE 'HAS REASON TO BELIEVE' AND THESE WORDS ARE STRONGER THA N THE WORDS ' IS SATISFIED'. THE BELIEF ENTERTAINED BY THE INCOME TAX OFFICER MUST N OT BE ARBITRARY OR IRRATIONAL. IT MUST BE REASONABLE OR IN OTHER WORDS IT MUST BE BAS ED ON REASONS WHICH ARE RELEVANT AND MATERIAL . THE COURT, OF COURSE, CANNOT INVESTIGATE INTO THE ADEQUACY OR SUFFICIENCY OF THE REASONS WHICH HAVE WEIGHED WITH THE INCOME T AX OFFICER IN COMING TO THE BELIEF, BUT THE COURT CAN CERTAINLY EXAMINE WHETHER THE REASONS ARE RELEVANT AND HAVE A BEARING ON THE MATTERS IN REGARD TO WHICH HE IS REQ UIRED TO ENTERTAIN THE BELIEF BEFORE HE CAN ISSUE NOTICE UNDER SECTION 147(A). IF THERE IS NO RATIONAL AND INTELLIGIBLE NEXUS BETWEEN THE REASONS AND THE BELIEF, SO THAT, ON SUC H REASONS, NO ONE PROPERLY INSTRUCTED ON FACTS AND LAW COULD REASONABLY ENTERT AIN THE BELIEF, THE CONCLUSION WOULD BE INESCAPABLE THAT THE INCOME TAX OFFICER CO ULD NOT HAVE REASON TO BELIEVE THAT ANY SUCH ESCAPEMENT WAS BY REASON OF THE ASSES SEE HAD ESCAPED ASSESSMENT AND SUCH ESCAPEMENT WAS BY REASON OF THE OMISSION OR FA ILURE ON THE PART OF THE ASSESSEE TO DISCLOSE FULLY AND TRULY ALL MATERIAL FACTS AND THE NOTICE ISSUED BY HIM WOULD BE LIABLE TO BE STRUCK DOWN AS INVALID .' (EMPHASIS SUPPLIED) 10. IN THE MATTER OF SRI KRISHNA (P.) LTD. V. ITO [1996] 221 ITR 538/87 TAXMAN 315 , THE HON'BLE SUPREME COURT HAS OBSERVED AS UNDER : 'THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER CAN ISSUE NOTICE UNDER SECT ION 148 OF THE INCOME-TAX ACT,1961, PROPOSING TO REOPEN AN ASSESSMENT ONLY WH ERE HE HAS REASON TO BELIEVE THAT ON ACCOUNT OF EITHER THE OMISSION OR FAILURE ON THE PART OF THE ASSESSEE TO FILE THE 9 ITA NO. 1004/JP/2017. M/S EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY. RETURN OR ON ACCOUNT OF THE OMISSION OR FAILURE ON THE PART OF THE ASSESSEE TO DISCLOSE FULLY AND TRULY ALL MATERIAL FACTS NECESSARY FOR HI S ASSESSMENT FOR THAT YEAR, INCOME HAS ESCAPED ASSESSMENT. THE EXISTENCE OF THE REASON(S) TO BELIEVE IS INTENDED TO BE A CHECK, A LIMITATION, UPON HIS POWER TO REOPEN THE A SSESSMENT. SECTION 148(2) IMPOSES A FURTHER CHECK UPON THE SAID POWER, VIZ., THE REQU IREMENT OF RECORDING OF REASONS FOR SUCH REOPENING BY THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER. SECTION 1 51 IMPOSES YET ANOTHER CHECK UPON THE SAID POWER, VIZ., THE COMMISSIONER OR THE BOARD, AS THE CASE MAY BE, HAS TO BE SATISFIED, ON THE BASIS OF THE REASONS RECORDED BY THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER, THAT IT IS A FIT CASE FOR ISSUANCE OF SUCH A NOTICE. THE POWER C ONFERRED UPON THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER BY SECTIONS 147 AND 148 IS THUS NOT AN UNBR IDLED ONE. IT IS HEDGED IN WITH SEVERAL SAFEGUARDS CONCEIVED IN THE INTEREST OF ELI MINATING ROOM FOR ABUSE OF THIS POWER BY THE ASSESSING OFFICERS. THE IDEA WAS TO SA VE THE ASSESSEES FROM HARASSMENT RESULTING FROM MECHANICAL REOPENING OF ASSESSMENTS BUT THIS PROTECTION AVAILS ONLY TO THOSE ASSESSEES WHO DISCLOSE ALL MATERIAL FACTS TRU LY AND FULLY. EVERY DISCLOSURE IS NOT AND CANNOT BE TREATED TO BE TRUE AND FULL DISCLOSUR E. A DISCLOSURE MAY BE A FALSE ONE OR A TRUE ONE. IT MAY BE A FULL DISCLOSURE OR IT MAY N OT BE. A PARTIAL DISCLOSURE MAY VERY OFTEN BE A MISLEADING ONE. WHAT IS REQUIRED IS A FU LL AND TRUE DISCLOSURE OF ALL MATERIAL FACTS NECESSARY FOR MAKING ASSESSMENT FOR THAT YEAR . ALL THE REQUIREMENTS STIPULATED BY SECTION 147 MUST BE GIVEN DUE AND EQUAL WEIGHT.' IT WAS FURTHER OBSERVED THAT : 'SINCE THE BELIEF IS THAT OF THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER , THE SUFFICIENCY OF REASONS FOR FORMING THE BELIEF IS NOT FOR THE COURT TO JUDGE BU T IT IS OPEN TO AN ASSESSEE TO ESTABLISH THAT, IN FACT THERE EXISTED NO BELIEF OR THAT THE B ELIEF WAS NOT AT ALL A BONA FIDE ONE OR WAS BASED ON VAGUE, IRRELEVANT AND NON-SPECIFIC INF ORMATION . TO THAT LIMITED EXTENT, THE COURT MAY LOOK INTO THE CONCLUSION ARRIVED AT B Y THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER AND EXAMINE WHETHER THERE WAS ANY MATERIAL AVAILABLE ON THE RECORD FROM WHICH THE REQUISITE BELIEF COULD BE FORMED BY THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER AND FURTHER WHETHER THAT MATERIAL HAD ANY RATIONAL CONNECTION OR A LIVE LINK FOR THE FORMATION OF THE REQUISITE BELIEF.' (EMPHASIS SUPPLIED) 11. IN THE MATTER OF CIT V. KELVINATOR OF INDIA LTD. [2010] 320 ITR 561/187 TAXMAN 312 (SC) , THE HON'BLE SUPREME COURT HELD: 'HOWEVER, ONE NEEDS TO GIVE A SCHEMATIC INTERPRETAT ION TO THE WORDS 'REASON TO BELIEVE', FAILING WHICH SECTION 147 WOULD GIVE ARBI TRARY POWERS TO THE ASSESSING OFFICER TO REOPEN ASSESSMENTS ON THE BASIS OF 'MERE CHANGE OF OPINION', WHICH CANNOT BE PER SE REASON TO REOPEN. ONE MUST ALSO KEEP IN M IND THE CONCEPTUAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POWER TO REVIEW AND POWER TO REASSESS. THE ASSESSING OFFICER HAS NO POWER TO REVIEW; HE HAS THE POWER TO REASSESS, BUT THE RE ASSESSMENT HAS TO BE BASED ON FULFILMENT OF CERTAIN PRE-CONDITIONS AND IF THE CON CEPT OF 'CHANGE OF OPINION' IS REMOVED AS CONTENDED ON BEHALF OF THE DEPARTMENT, T HEN IN THE GARB OF REOPENING THE ASSESSMENT, REVIEW WOULD TAKE PLACE. ONE MUST TREAT THE CONCEPT OF 'CHANGE OF OPINION' AS AN IN-BUILT TEST TO CHECK ABUSE OF POWE R BY THE ASSESSING OFFICER . HENCE, AFTER 1-4-1989, THE ASSESSING OFFICER HAS POWER TO REOPEN, PROVIDED THERE IS 'TANGIBLE MATERIAL' TO COME TO CONCLUSION THAT THERE IS ESCAP EMENT OF INCOME FROM ASSESSMENT. UNDER THE DIRECT TAX LAWS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987, TH E PARLIAMENT NOT ONLY DELETED THE WORDS 'REASON TO BELIEVE', THE PARLIAMENT REINT RODUCED THE SAID EXPRESSION AND 10 ITA NO. 1004/JP/2017. M/S EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY. DELETED THE WORD 'OPINION' ON THE GROUND THAT IT WO ULD VEST ARBITRARY POWERS IN THE ASSESSING OFFICER.' (EMPHASIS SUPPLIED) 12. IN THE BACKDROP OF THE SETTLED POSITION OF LAW NOT ICED HEREINABOVE ADVERTING TO THE FACTS OF THE PRESENT CASE, IT IS TO BE NOTICED THAT THE ASSESSEE HAD MADE TRUE AND FULL DISCLOSURE OF ALL RELEVANT FACTS RELATING TO THE CL AIM OF ADDITIONAL DEPRECIATION AND ALSO IN RESPECT OF CLAIM FOR GRANT OF DEDUCTION UNDER SE CTION 80 IA. A SEPARATE AUDIT REPORT IN THE PRESCRIBED FORM 10CCB IN SUPPORT OF THE CLAI M FOR DEDUCTION UNDER SECTION 80IA/80IB WAS ALSO DULY SUBMITTED. THE ASSESSEE HAD ALSO SUBMITTED REPLY PURSUANT TO ALL QUERIES MADE BY AO DURING THE ASSESSMENT PRO CEEDINGS UNDER SECTION 143(3) OF THE ACT. IN THIS VIEW OF THE MATTER, THE CONTENTION SOUGHT TO BE RAISED BY THE REVENUE ABOUT NON-DISCLOSURE ON THE BASIS OF THE FAILURE ON THE PART OF THE ASSESSEE IN MENTIONED BIFURCATED AMOUNT OF ADDITIONAL DEPRECIAT ION ALLOWABLE IN THE DEPRECIATION CHART IS ABSOLUTELY BASELESS. IT IS TO BE NOTICED T HAT ALL THAT HAS BEEN SAID BY THE AO IS THAT AFTER SCRUTINY ASSESSMENT, IT WAS OBSERVED THA T ASSESSEE HAS MADE INCORRECT CLAIM OF ADDITIONAL DEPRECIATION ON CPP WHEREAS, THE CLAI M FOR ADDITIONAL DEPRECIATION ON CPP WAS ALLOWED BY THE AO WHILE FRAMING THE ASSESSM ENT UNDER SECTION 143(3) AFTER CONSCIOUS CONSIDERATION OF THE MATERIAL ON RECORD. IT IS NOT EVEN THE CASE OF THE REVENUE THAT THE FORMATION OF THE BELIEF REGARDING THE ESCAPEMENT OF THE ASSESSMENT BY THE AO IS BASED ON ANY NEW MATERIAL COMING ON RE CORD. APPARENTLY, THE FORMATION OF THE BELIEF BY THE AO REGARDING ESCAPEMENT OF THE ASSESSMENT IS BASED ON RE- APPRECIATION OF THE MATERIAL ALREADY AVAILABLE ON R ECORD AT THE TIME OF SCRUTINY ASSESSMENT WHICH AMOUNTS TO MERE CHANGE OF OPINION. OBVIOUSLY, IN THE GARB OF PURPORTED EXERCISE OF THE POWER TO REASSESS, THE AO CANNOT BE PERMITTED TO REVIEW HIS OWN ORDER OR THE ORDER PASSED BY HIS PREDECESSOR. T HUS, THE FINDING ARRIVED AT BY THE ITAT THAT THE REASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS INITIATED BY THE AO BY MERE CHANGE OF OPINION IS PATENTLY ILLEGAL, CANNOT BE FAULTED WITH . 13. THE ITAT HAVING ARRIVED AT THE CATEGORICAL FINDING THAT RE- OPENING OF THE COMPLETED ASSESSMENT WITHOUT ANY FRESH MATERIAL, ME RELY ON THE BASIS OF CHANGE OF OPINION OF THE AO, IS WITHOUT JURISDICTION AND ERRO NEOUS, THE APPEAL PREFERRED BY THE REVENUE HAS RIGHTLY BEEN DISMISSED AS HAVING BECOME INFRUCTUOUS. 5.2 IN VIEW OF THE FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE C ASE WHEN THE ASSESSING OFFICER HAS REOPENED THE ASSESSMENT BY FORMING THE BELIEVE AN RE-APPRECIATION OF MATERIAL ALREADY AVAILABLE ON RECORD AS WELL AS IN VIEW OF T HE DECISION OF HONBLE JURISDICTIONAL HIGH COURT IN CASE OF CIT VS. HINDUSTAN ZINC (SUPRA ), WE HOLD THAT REOPENING IS NOT VALID AS THE AO HAD NO JURISDICTION TO INVOKE THE P ROVISION OF SECTION 148 OF THE ACT. WE MAY POINT OUT THAT THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 148 CANNOT BE USED FOR REVIEWING THE DECISION TAKEN BY THE AO U/S 143(3) OF THE ACT. THERE IS A DEMARCATION AND 11 ITA NO. 1004/JP/2017. M/S EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY. SEPARATION OF JURISDICTION EVEN FOR REVISION FOR AN ORDER SUFFERING FROM ERROR AND THEREFORE THE REMEDY FOR SUCH ERRONEOUS ORDER IS PR OVIDED U/S 263 OF THE ACT. HENCE, THE REOPENING OF THE ASSESSMENT IS SET ASIDE . SINCE, WE HAVE SET ASIDE THE REOPENING OF THE ASSESSMENT; THEREFORE, THE OTHER G ROUNDS RAISED BY THE ASSESSEE BECOME INFRUCTUOUS. 6. IN THE RESULT, APPEAL OF THE ASSESSEE IS ALLOWED . ORDER PRONOUNCED IN THE OPEN COURT ON 29/01/2018. SD/- SD/- ( FOE FLAG ;KNO ( JH FOT; IKY JKO] ) (VIKRAM SINGH YADAV) ( VIJAY PAL RAO) YS[KK LNL; /ACCOUNTANT MEMBER U;KF;D LNL; / JUDICIAL MEMBER JAIPUR DATED:- 29/01/2018. POOJA/ VKNS'K DH IZFRFYFI VXZSF'KR@ COPY OF THE ORDER FORWARDED TO: 1. THE APPELLANT- M/S EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPME NT SOCIETY. 2. THE RESPONDENT ITO (EXEMPTION), WARD-ALWAR. 3. THE CIT. 4. THE CIT (4), 5. THE DR, ITAT, JAIPUR 6. GUARD FILE (ITA NO. 1004/JP/2017) VKNS'KKUQLKJ@ BY ORDER, LGK;D IATHDKJ@ ASSISTANT. REGISTRAR