Spytech buildcom, TONK V. ACIT, Jaipur

ITA 149/JPR/2015

• Counselvise Citation: [2016] 131 COUNSELVISE.COM (IT) 5117 (ITAT-JAIPUR)
• Duration Of Justice: 1 year(s) 6 month(s) 26 day(s)
• Appeal Type: Income Tax Appeal
• Pronouncement Date: 14-09-2016
• Appeal Filed By: Assessee
• Order Result: Partly Allowed
• Bench Allotted: A
• Assessment Year: 2010-2011
• Appeal Filed On: 18-02-2015
• Result in Favour of: Partly Allowed
• Court: TRIBUNAL
• Department Lawyers: MEENA CIT DHK
• Assessee Lawyers: RAJIV SOGANI
• Keywords: Depreciation; Revenue expenditure
• Section: 143(3); 145

Judgement Text

VK;DJ VIHYH; VF/KDJ.K] T;IQJ U;K;IHB] T;IQJ IN THE INCOME TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL, JAIPUR BENCHES, JAIPUR JH , - MH - TSU U;KF;D LNL; ,OA JH FOE FLAG ;KNO] YS[KK LNL; DS LE{K BEFORE: SHRI A.D. JAIN, JM & SHRI VIKRAM SINGH YADA V, AM VK;DJ VIHY LA-@ ITA NO. 149/JP/2015 FU/KZKJ.K O'K Z@ ASSESSMENT YEAR : 2010-11 M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON, VTH FLOOR, A CLASS OF PEARL, K-48-49, INCOME TAX COLONY, DURGAPURA, TONK ROAD, JAIPUR. CUKE VS. A.C.I.T., CIRCLE-6, JAIPUR. LFKK;H YS[KK LA-@THVKBZVKJ LA-@ PAN/GIR NO.: ABEFS 2767 H VIHYKFKHZ@ APPELLANT IZR;FKHZ@ RESPONDENT VK;DJ VIHY LA-@ ITA NO. 205/JP/2015 FU/KZKJ.K O'K Z@ ASSESSMENT YEAR : 2010-11 DY. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CIRCLE-6, JAIPUR. CUKE VS. M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON, VTH FLOOR, A CLASS OF PEARL, K- 48-49, INCOME TAX COLONY, DURGAPURA, TONK ROAD, JAIPUR. LFKK;H YS[KK LA-@THVKBZVKJ LA-@ PAN/GIR NO.: ABEFS 2767 H VIHYKFKHZ@ APPELLANT IZR;FKHZ@ RESPONDENT FU/KZKFJRH DH VKSJ LS@ ASSESSEE BY : SHRI RAJIV SOGANI & SHRI ROHAN SOGANI (CA) JKTLO DH VKSJ LS@ REVENUE BY : SHRI M.S. MEENA (CIT) LQUOKBZ DH RKJH[K@ DATE OF HEARING : 08/09/2016 MN?KKS'K.KK DH RKJH[K @ DATE OF PRONOUNCEMENT : 14/09/2016 ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 2 VKNS'K@ ORDER PER: A.D. JAIN, J.M. THESE ARE CROSS APPEALS, ONE BY THE ASSESSEE AND TH E OTHER BY THE REVENUE, AGAINST THE ORDER DATED 15/12/2014 PASSED BY THE LD CIT(A)-II, JAIPUR FOR A.Y. 2010-11, WHEREIN, THE FOLLOWING EFFEC TIVE GROUNDS OF ASSESSEES AS WELL AS REVENUES APPEALS HAVE BEEN TA KEN:- GROUNDS OF ASSESSEES APPEAL:- 1. IN THE FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE AN D IN LAW THE ID. CIT(A) HAS ERRED IN CONFIRMING THE DISALLOWANCE OF RS.43,06,801/- OF PROVISION FOR DIRECT EXPENSES OUT OF THE TOTAL DISALLOWANCE OF RS 5,11,50,000/- MADE BY THE ID. AO. THE ACTION OF THE ID. CIT(A) IS ILLEGAL, UNJUSTIFIED, ARBITRARY A ND AGAINST THE FACTS OF THE CASE. RELIEF MAY PLEASE BE GRANTED BY QUASHING THE SAID DISALLOWANCE OF RS. 43,06,801/-. 2. IN THE FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE AND IN LAW THE ID. CIT (A) HAS ERRED IN CONFIRMING THE DISALLOWANCE OF RS. 43,752/- OF DEPRECIATION ON CARS OUT OF TOTAL DISALLOWANCE OF RS 87,504/- MADE BY ID. AO. THE ACTION OF THE ID. CIT(A) IS ILLEGAL, UNJUSTIFIED, ARBITRARY AND AGAINST THE FACTS OF THE CASE. RELIEF MAY PLEASE BE GRANTED BY QUASHING THE SAID DISALLOWANCE OF RS. 43,752/-. GROUND OF REVENUES APPEAL:- (I) WHETHER ON THE FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE AND IN LAW, THE ID. CIT(A) WAS JUSTIFIED IN DELETING THE ADDITION OF RS. 4,68,43,199/- MADE BY THE AO ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 3 BY DISALLOWING PROVISION OF DIRECT EXPENSES INSPITE OF THE FACT THAT THE ASSESSEE HAS FOLLOWED MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING AND FOLLOWED CONCEPT OF ACCRUAL OF LIABILITY. 2. AT THE OUTSET, THE LD COUNSEL FOR THE ASSESSEE H AVE STATED AT THE BAR THAT THEY DO NOT WISH TO PRESS GROUND NO. 2 OF THE A PPEAL. REJECTED AS NOT PRESSED. 3. AS PER RECORD, THE ASSESSEE FIRM IS ENGAGED IN T HE BUSINESS OF REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES, FARM HOUSES, ETC. IT HAS CONSTRUCTED RE SIDENTIAL FLATS IN THE NAME OF PEARL GREEN ACRES AT PALIWAL GARDEN, SHRI GOPAL NAGAR, GOPALPURA BYEPASS, JAIPUR. THE ASSESSING OFFICER NOT ICED THAT IN ITS TRADING ACCOUNT, THE ASSESSEE HAD DEBITED DIRECT EX PENSES OF RS. 8,57,18,518/-. THE DETAILS OF THESE EXPENSES STOOD FURNISHED IN SCHEDULE- 17 OF THE AUDIT REPORT. THEREIN, AN AMOUNT OF RS. 5, 11,50,000/- APPEARED AS PROVISION MADE FOR DIRECT EXPENSES. OBSERVING TH AT THIS WAS NOT AN EXPENDITURE ACTUALLY INCURRED DURING THE YEAR, BUT WAS MERELY A PROVISION MADE, THE ASSESSING OFFICER ASKED THE ASSESSEE FOR AN EXPLANATION. HAVING CONSIDERED THE REPLY FILED BY THE ASSESSEE, THE ASSESSING OFFICER CONCLUDED THAT THE ASSESSEE HAD DEBITED THE AMOUNT OF RS. 5,11,50,000/- AS EXPECTED EXPENSES AND HAD MADE A PROVISION FOR DIRECT EXPENSES, ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 4 WHICH WAS NEITHER SUPPORTED BY THE PROVISIONS OF THE INCOME TAX ACT,, NOR ANY ACCOUNTING PRACTICE. THE ASSESSING OFFICER, ACCORDINGLY, ADDED THE AMOUNT OF RS. 5,11,50,000/- TO THE TOTAL INCOME OF THE ASSESSEE. THE LD. CIT(A) RESTRICTED THE DISALLOWANCE OF RS. 43,06,801/- AND ALLOWED RELIEF OF RS. 4,68,43,199/- TO THE ASSESSEE. 4. AGGRIEVED, BOTH THE PARTIES ARE BEFORE US, BY WAY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE APPEALS. 5. THE LD. CIT DR HAS CONTENDED THAT THE LD. CIT(A) HA S ERRED IN DELETING THE ADDITION OF RS. 5,11,50,000/-, TO THE EXTENT OF RS. 4,68,43,199/-, FAILING TO CONSIDER THAT THE ASSESSE E HAD FOLLOWED THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING AND HAD FOLLOWED THE CONCEPT OF ACCRUAL LIABILITY. THE LD CIT DR HAS PLACED STRONG RELIANCE ON THE ELABORATE FINDINGS RECORDED BY THE ASSESSING OFFICER FOR MAKI NG THE ADDITION. 6. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE LD COUNSEL FOR THE ASSESS EE HAS CONTENDED THAT ONCE THE LD. CIT(A) HAD ACCEPTED THE LIABILITY AS BEING AN ASCERTAINED LIABILITY, HE OUGHT TO HAVE DELETED THE ENTIRE ADDI TION MADE. 7. WE HAVE HEARD THE RIVAL CONTENTIONS OF BOTH THE PARTIES AND HAVE PERUSED THE MATERIAL AVAILABLE ON THE RECORD. ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 5 8. WHILE MAKING THE ADDITION, THE ASSESSING OFFICER OBSERVED AS FOLLOWS:- THE ABOVE MENTIONED REPLY OF THE ASSESSEE HAS BEEN DULY CONSIDERED. IN THIS REGARD THE ASSESSEE WAS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT THE DETAILS AND THE BASIS ON WHICH THE FIGURE OF EXP ECTED AMOUNT OF EXPENDITURE OF RS.5,11,50,000/- HAS BEEN ARRIVED . IN RESPONSE THE ASSESSEE SUBMITTED A CHART SHOWING THE DETAILS OF THE PROVISION MADE FOR THE EXPENSES TO BE INCURRED. PE RUSAL OF THE SAID DETAILS REVEALS THAT THE SAID DETAILS HAVE BEE N PREPARED ON MERE ESTIMATION, WITHOUT PROPER JUSTIFICATION AND A REASONED BASE. IT SEEMS THAT THE ASSESSEE HAS PREPARED THE A BOVE MENTIONED DETAILS SO AS TO SUIT ITS OWN REQUIREMENTS . 8. AS FOR AS ALLOWABILITY OF SUCH PROVISION IS CONC ERNED, IT IS PERTINENT TO MENTION HERE THAT UNDER THE INCOME TAX ACT, 1961, A DEDUCTION IS GENERALLY ALLOWED IN RESPECT OF REVENUE EXPENDITURE INCURRED FOR THE PURPOSE OF BUSINESS, I N THE YEAR IN WHICH SUCH EXPENDITURE IS INCURRED. HOWEVER, ESTIM ATED COST OF MEETING THE WARRANTY OBLIGATIONS IS ALSO ALL OWABLE AS DEDUCTION IN THE YEAR IN WHICH SUCH PROVISION IS MAD E SUBJECT TO:- (A) IF THE PROVISION IS BASED ON A SCIENTIFIC METH OD THAT IS CONSISTENTLY FOLLOWED. CIT VS VINITEC CORPORATION 196 CTR 369 (DELHI HC), VOLTAS LTD. VS DCIT 64 ITD 232 (ITAT, MUMBAI) ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 6 ITO VS WANSON (INDIA) LTD. 5 ITD 102 (ITAT, PUNE) KEVIN ENTERPRISES VS JCIT 79 ITD 196 (ITAT, AHMEDABAD )]. (B) IF THE PROVISION IS MADE ON BASIS OF A REASONAB LE ESTIMATION. CIT VS INDIAN TRANSFORMERS LTD. 270 ITR 259 (KERALA H C) (C) IF THE AN UNDERTAKING TO CARRY OUT THE DEVELOPM ENT WORK IS PROVIDED IN THE SALE DEED/AGREEMENT. UDAIPUR MINERAL DEVELOPMENT SYNDICATE PVT. LTD VS DCIT 261 ITR 706 (RAJ HC) 9. IN THE INSTANT CASE THE ASSESSEE HARDLY FULFILL THE ABOVE- MENTIONED CONDITIONS. THE FACTS OF THE CASE OF CALCU TTA CO. LTD. VS CIT 3 7 ITR 1 (SC) ARE NOT IDENTICAL TO THE P RESENT CASE. IN CASE UNDER REFERENCE THE DEVELOPMENT WORK WA S TO BE PERFORMED UNDER THE TERMS OF THE SALE DEED WITHIN THE SIX MONTHS FROM DATE OF SALE. IN OTHER WORDS IT WAS HELD THAT LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF CONTRACT SHOULD BE ALLOWED. HOWEVER, IN THE CASE UNDER CONSIDERATION NO SUCH CONDITION H AS BEEN LAID-DOWN IN THE SALE DEED/CONTRACT WHICH ENFORCE THE ASSESSEE TO MEET- OUT THE PARTICULAR LIABILITIES FO R THAT THE ASSESSEE HAS CREATED THE PROVISION. EVEN NO TIME OF FRAME HAS BEEN FIXED IN ORDER TO DISCHARGE THE SAID LIABI LITIES. THE PROVISIONS MADE BY THE ASSESSEE ARE BASED NEITHER O N A SCIENTIFIC METHOD THAT IS CONSISTENTLY FOLLOWED NOR ON A REASONABLE ESTIMATION. AS SUCH, THE PRINCIPLE LAID DOWN IN THE CASE UNDER REFERENCE IS NOT APPLICABLE IN THE INSTA NT CASE. ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 7 MOREOVER THE ASSESSEE HAS CREATED THE SAID PROVISIO N BY DEBITING THE SAID AMOUNT IN THE PROFIT & LOSS FOR T HE YEAR UNDER CONSIDERATION AGAINST THE REVENUE OF THE CURR ENT YEAR WHEREAS THE LIABILITIES FOR WHICH PROVISION HAS BEEN MADE RELATES WITH THE REVENUE WHICH IS LIKELY TO BE FETCH ED IN COMING FUTURE. 10. AT A LATER STAGE OF ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS THE ASSESSEE FURNISHED THE DETAILS OF EXPENDITURE MADE AGAINST T HE ABOVE MENTIONED PROVISION OF RS. 5,11,50,000/-. PERUSAL O F THE SAID DETAILS REVEALS THAT THE ASSESSEE HAS INCURRED EXPE NDITURE OF RS.3,40,14,675/- AND RS.49,08,406/- DURING THE A.Y. 2011-12 AND 2012-13 RESPECTIVELY TOTALING TO RS.3,89,23,081 /-. FOR THE REMAINING AMOUNT OF RS.1,22,26,919/- (51150000 - 38923081) LEFT OUT OF THE SAID PROVISION OF RS. 5,1 1,50,000/- THE ASSESSEE HAS STATED AS UNDER :- (I) THE PROJECT IS SITUATED AT THE BANK OF GANDA NA ALA. DURING THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT, TH E BANK OF NAALA GOT DAMAGED. IT IS OUR OBLIGATION TO DEVELOP/ REPAIR THE SAID NAALA. PROVISION OF RS. 60 LACS (APPROX) WAS MA DE TOWARDS THIS OBLIGATION. WE ARE WAITING CLEARANCE FRO M JDA TO DISCHARGE OUR OBLIGATION. JDA IS EXAMINING ENVIR ONMENTAL AND OTHER ISSUES ARISING ON ACCOUNT OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE COURSE OF THE NAALA. AS SOON AS WE GET CLEARANCE FRO M JDA ABOUT THE WAY IT HAS TO BE DEVELOPED, WE WILL EXECUTE THE SAID WORK. ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 8 (II) IN SUPPORT OF THE AFORESAID CONTENTION THE AS SESSEE HAS PLACED RELIANCE OVER THE CASE OF ROTORK CONTROLS IN DIA PVT. LTD. VS CIT (2009) 223 CTR 425 (SC). 12. THE ABOVE-MENTIONED CONTENTION OF THE ASSESSEE H AS BEEN DULY EXAMINED. SURPRISINGLY, THE ABOVE-MENTIONED CO NTENTION DOES NOT MATCH TO WHAT THE ASSESSEE HAS SAID EARLIE R ON THIS ISSUE. AS PER THE CHART SUBMITTED BY THE ASSESSEE O N EARLIER OCCASION SHOWING THE DETAILS OF THE PROVISION MADE F OR THE EXPENSES TO BE INCURRED IN RESPECT OF THE PROVISIO N OF RS.5,11,50,000/-, THERE WAS NO PROVISION OF REPAIR WO RKS OF GANDA NAALA. THE ISSUE OF GANDA NAALA HAS SUDDENLY A RISEN DURING THE LATER STAGE OF ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS JU ST TO QUANTIFY THE PROVISION MADE BY THE ASSESSEE. IT IS PERTINENT TO MENTION HERE THAT WHILE APPROVING THE SAID RESIDE NTIAL PROJECT IN THE YEAR 2006 THE JDA VIDE LETTER DATED 19.01.2006 REQUIRED THE ASSESSEE TO CONSTRUCT RETA INING WALL ON THE SAID GANDA NAALA. ANY OUTFLOW FROM THE SAID NAALA MAY DAMAGE THE CONSTRUCTION WORK OF THE AFORES AID PROJECT. HENCE, ANY PRUDENT BUILDER WILL CERTAINLY T AKE CARE OF THE SAFETY MEASURES OF ITS PROJECT BEFORE INVESTING IN THE PROJECT. IN THE PRESENT CASE THE ASSESSEE HAS FIRST CONSTRUCTED THE PROJECT AND THEREAFTER HE PLANNED T O REPAIR THE GANDA NAALA, WHICH IS QUITE UNBELIEVABLE AND APP EARS TO BE A SELF-COOKED STORY TO SUIT THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE PRESENT SITUATION. FURTHER, THE ASSESSEE HAS NOT FU RNISHED ANY CONCRETE EVIDENCE, SUCH AS DETAILS OF WORK TO BE ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 9 PERFORMED, ITS MEASUREMENT, MATERIAL LIKELY TO BE C ONSUMED AND THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE JDA MADE IN THIS REG ARD, WHICH PROVES ITS AFORESAID CONTENTION. 13. THE ASSESSEE IS ENGAGED IN THE BUSINESS OF CONS TRUCTION. AS SUCH, THE ASSESSEE BETTER KNOWS THAT VERBAL COMMITM ENTS HAVE NO VALUE IN ITS BUSINESS AS WELL AS IN THE EYE S OF LAW. IT IS WORTHWHILE TO MENTION THAT ON ONE HAND THE ASSESS EE IS TRYING TO JUSTIFY ITS STAND BY TAKING PLEA FOR PROV IDING BISALPUR WATER TO THE BUYERS OF ITS PROJECT. WHEREAS CONTRARY TO ABOVE PLEA ON OTHER HAND THE ASSESSEE HAS MADE PROVISION FOR EXPENSES OF RS. 5,00,000/- OUT OF THE ABOVE RS.5,11,50,000/- FOR DIGGING TWO BOREWELLS, WHICH IS TOTALLY AGAINST TO ITS CONTENTION. THE PHED DEPARTMENT IS TA KING CARE OF BISALPUR WATER. THE ASSESSEE HAS NOT FURNISHE D ANY EVIDENCE/ CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PHED IN SUPPORT OF ITS CLAIM. MOREOVER, IN SUPPORT OF ITS CLAIM THE ASSESS EE HAS PLACED RELIANCE OVER THE CASE OF ROTORK CONTROLS IN DIA PVT. LTD. VS CIT (2009) 223 CTR 425 (SC). HOWEVER, THE CLAI M OF THE ASSESSEE IS NOT TOWARDS A WARRANTY LIABILITY UNDE R A CONDITION OR STIPULATION MADE IN THE SALE DOCUMENT IMPOSING A LIABILITY UPON THE ASSESSEE TO DISCHARGE ITS OBLI GATION UNDER WARRANTY. THEREFORE, THE PRINCIPLE LAID DOWN IN THE C ASE UNDER REFERENCE IS NOT APPLICABLE IN THE CASE OF AS SESSEE. 15. SECTION 145 OF THE INCOME TAX ACT, 1961 PRESCRIB ES THE METHOD OF ACCOUNTING TO BE FOLLOWED BY THE ASSESSEE FOR COMPUTING INCOME CHARGEABLE UNDER THE HEAD PROFIT & GAINS ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 10 OF BUSINESS OR PROFESSION. SECTION 145(1) STATES T HAT THE COMPUTATION WOULD BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH EITHER CASH OR MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING REGULARLY EMPLOYED BY THE ASSESSEE'. SECTION 145(2) FURTHER STATED THAT THE C ENTRAL GOVERNMENT MAY NOTIFY FROM TIME TO TIME ACCOUNTING STANDARDS TO BE FOLLOWED BY ANY CLASS OF ASSESSEES OR IN RESPECT OF ANY CLASS OF INCOME . THE MERCANTILE SYS TEM, AS DISTINGUISHED FROM THE CASH SYSTEM BRINGS IN THE CO NCEPT OF ACCRUAL OF LIABILITY OR INCOME IN THE RELEVANT PREV IOUS YEAR WHICH IS THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF THE ASSESSMENT. THE LI ABILITY IS REFLECTED EVEN WHERE THERE IS NO ACTUAL EXPENDITURE AND LIKEWISE THE INCOME IS REFLECTED EVEN WHERE THERE IS NO ACTUAL RECEIPT OF MONEY. MOREOVER, THE ACCOUNTING S TANDARDS ISSUED BY THE ICAI REQUIRE THAT ACCOUNTING POLICIES MUST BE GOVERNED BY THE PRINCIPLE OF PRUDENCE . 16. FURTHER, UNDER THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUN TING IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE NET INCOME OF AN ACCOUNTING YEAR, THE REVENUE AND OTHER INCOMES ARE MATCHED WITH THE COST OF RESOURCES CONSUMED (EXPENSES). UNDER THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING, THE MATCHING IS REQUIRED TO B E DONE ON ACCRUAL BASIS. UNDER THE MATCHING CONCEPT, REVEN UE AND INCOME EARNED DURING AN ACCOUNTING PERIOD, IRRESPEC TIVE OF ACTUAL CASH IN-FLOW IS REQUIRED TO BE COMPARED WITH E XPENSES INCURRED DURING THE SAME PERIOD, IRRESPECTIVE OF AC TUAL OUT- FLOW OF CASH. THE MATCHING CONCEPT IS QUITE RELEVANT TO COMPUTE TAXABLE INCOME PARTICULARLY IN CASES INVOLV ING ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 11 DEFERRED REVENUE EXPENDITURE. IN THE INSTANT CASE, THE ASSESSEE IS FOLLOWING MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTIN G. THE ASSESSEE HAS TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION THE AMOUNT OF EXPECTED EXPENDITURE; HOWEVER, THE ASSESSEE HAS IGNO RED THE AMOUNT OF RELEVANT REVENUE. AS SUCH, THE ASSESS EE HAS FAILED TO FULFILL THE REQUIREMENTS OF MATCHING CONC EPT. THEREFORE, THE CASE OF TAPARIA TOOLS LTD. VS JCIT (2003 ) 260 ITR 102 (BOM) ON WHICH THE ASSESSEE HAS PLACED RELIA NCE, IS OF NO HELP TO THE ASSESSEE. RATHER THE CASE OF THE ASSESSEE DOES NOT FALL UNDER THE PARAMETERS LAID DOWN IN THE AFORESAID JUDGMENT. 17. IN THE INSTANT CASE, THE ASSESSEE HAS CLAIMED T O FOLLOW MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING. THE ASSESSEE HAS CONSIDERED THE CONCEPT OF ACCRUAL OF LIABILITY. W HILE CONSIDERING THE ABOVE CONCEPT OF ACCRUAL OF LIABIL ITY THE ASSESSEE HAS NOT CONSIDERED THE RELEVANT REVENUE IN VOLVED. IN THE INSTANT CIRCUMSTANCE OF THE CASE THE ASSESSE E IS LIABLE TO DETERMINE THE ACCRUAL OF REVENUE IN CONSONANCE WI TH THE AMBIT OF TAXABLE INCOME AS PER SEC. 5 OF THE INCOME TAX ACT, 1961. THE ASSESSEE HAS NOT GOT THE LIBERTY TO DECIDE THE MATTER OF TAXABILITY ON THE BASIS OF THE ENTRIES WHI CH THE ASSESSEE MAY CHOOSE TO MAKE IN HIS ACCOUNT, BUT IT HAS TO BE DECIDED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF LAW [SUT LEJ COTTON MILLS LTD. VS CIT (SC) 116 ITR 1]. MOREOVER, WHEN THE QUESTION IS WHETHER A RECEIPT OF MONEY IS TAXABL E OR NOT OR WHETHER CERTAIN DEDUCTION FROM THAT RECEIPT ARE ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 12 PERMISSIBLE IN LAW OR NOT, THE QUESTION HAS TO BE DE CIDED ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF LAW AND NOT WITH ACCO UNTANCY PRACTICE [TUTICORIN ALKALI CHEMICALS & FERTILIZERS L TD. VS CIT (SC) 227 ITR 172J. THOUGH IN THE PRESENT CASE THE ACT ION OF THE ASSESSEE IS NEITHER SUPPORTED WITH IT. LAW NOR THE ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES. 18. DURING THE COURSE OF ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS THE ASSESSEE HAS STATED THAT OUT OF ESTIMATED COST OF WORK TO BE EXECUTED AMOUNTING TO RS. 5,11,50,000/-, THE AMOUNT RELATED TO SALES IS AS UNDER:- EXPECTED EXPENSES : 5,11,50,000 TOTAL BUILD UP ARE IN SQ. FEETS : 4,37,761 COST OF PROVISION PER SQ. FEET : 116.84 TOTAL COST OF EXPECTED EXPENSES RELATED TO SALES : 2,37,77,024/- BALANCE AMOUNT INCLUDED IN CLOSING STOCK : 2,73,72,976/- 19. PERUSAL OF THE AFORESAID CONTENTION OF THE ASSE SSEE CLEARLY INDICATES THAT THE ASSESSEE IS NOT FOLLOWING THE 'MA TCHING CONCEPT . THE ASSESSEE HAS JUST TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT THE EXPECTED EXPENSES; HOWEVER, HE HAS LEFT THE PORTION OF RELEVANT REVENUE PART. THE ABOVE CONTENTION OF THE A SSESSEE INDICATES THAT ADMITTEDLY OUT OF THE TOTAL EXPECTED EXPENSES OF RS. 5,11,50,000/-, AN AMOUNT OF RS.2,73,72,976/- DO NOT RELATED WITH THE REVENUE (SALES) OF THE YEAR UNDER CONSIDERATION. THE ASSESSEE WAS WELL AWARE OF THE FACT THAT THE SALE CONSIDERATION OF 108 FLATS SOLD DURING THE YEAR UNDER ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 13 CONSIDERATION IS SUBJECT TO CERTAIN LIABILITY. EVEN THEN THE ASSESSEE BOOKED THE WHOLE REVENUE IN THE YEAR UNDER CONSIDERATION AND MADE PROVISIONS FOR EXPECTED EXPE NDITURE AGAINST THE ABOVE MENTIONED REVENUE DESPITE OF THE FACT THAT PART OF SAID EXPECTED EXPENDITURE IS CHARGEABLE AGA INST THE REVENUE LIKELY TO BE ARISE IN FUTURE. THE ABOVE ACT OF THE ASSESSEE IS NOT WITHIN THE ABIDANCE OF ACCOUNTING ST ANDARD (AS 9) ISSUED BY THE ICAI AS WELL AS THE MATCHING C ONCEPT, AS DISCUSSED ABOVE. IT IS WORTHWHILE TO MENTION HERE THAT FOR ALL PRACTICAL PURPOSES AND FOR THE RECOGNITION OF R EVENUE; ALL THE CONDITIONS SPECIFIED IN PARA 10 & PARA 11 OF AS -9 HAVE TO BE FULFILLED [PRESTIGE ESTATE PROJECTS LTD. VS DCIT (ITAT, BANG.) 129 ITD 342]. 20. FURTHER, THERE ARE TWO MAIN ACCOUNTING METHODS THAT THE ASSESSEES ENGAGED IN THE FIELD OF CONSTRUCTION ACTI VITIES USE TO RECORD REVENUE AND EXPENSES. THE FIRST IS COMPLE TED CONTRACT METHOD AND THE OTHER IS PERCENTAGE OF CO MPLETION METHOD'. IN THE COMPLETED CONTRACT METHOD, ONLY COM PLETED PROJECTS ARE REFLECTED IN THE INCOME STATEMENT. COS TS FOR UNCOMPLETED PROJECTS ARE ACCUMULATED IN AN ASSET AC COUNT CALLED WORK IN PROGRESS. WHEREAS, IN PERCENTAGE OF COMPLETION METHOD REVENUE AND GROSS PROFIT ARE RECO GNIZED EACH PERIOD BASED UPON THE PROGRESS OF THE CONSTRUC TION. IN THIS METHOD REVENUE AND EXPENSES ARE RECORDED ON AN ACCRUAL BASIS. IN OTHER WORDS IT IS THE REPORTING OF REVENUE FROM SALES IN THE PERIOD IN WHICH ARE SOLD, REGARDLE SS OF ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 14 WHEN THE CASH IS RECEIVED, AND THE REPORTING OF EXPE NSES IN THE PERIOD OF PURCHASE, REGARDLESS OF WHEN PAYMENT I S MADE. IN THE PRESENT CASE THE ASSESSEE HAS FOLLOWED PART OF BOTH THE ABOVE MENTIONED METHOD IN SUCH A MANNER SO AS TO SUIT ITS REQUIREMENTS. AS SUCH, THE ASSESSEE HAS NO T FOLLOWED THE PRINCIPLES OF COMMERCIAL ACCOUNTING. THOUGH THE ASSESSEE IS LIABLE TO APPLY THE PRINCIPLES OF COMME RCIAL ACCOUNTING TO ASCERTAIN THE PROFIT & GAINS [CIT VS U . P. STATE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (SC) 225 ITR 703] . 21. THE ASSESSEE FIRM WAS CONSTITUTED THROUGH PARTNE RSHIP DEED DATED 04.01.2006 WHICH WAS LATER REORGANIZED VIDE THE DEEDS OF REORGANIZATION OF PARTNERSHIP DATED 01.04. 2006 AND 13.07.2009. AFTER THE CONSTITUTION OF THE SAID PARTNERSHIP FIRM, THE ASSESSEE FIRM COMMENCED ITS FIRST PROJECT OF CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL FLATS IN THE NAME OF P EARL GREEN ACRES AT PALIWAL GARDEN, SHRI GOPAL NAGAR, GOPALPUR A BYEPASS, JAIPUR. THE ABOVE QUANTITATIVE DETAILS REVEAL THAT THERE IS INCONSISTENCY IN THE REVENUE RECOGNITION AND COST A S WELL THE ARBITRARY VALUATION OF CLOSING STOCK. DURING THE YE AR UNDER CONSIDERATION THE ASSESSEE HAS CHANGED THE METHOD O F VALUING THE CLOSING STOCK. THE ASSESSEE CANNOT CHANG E ITS METHOD OF VALUING CLOSING STOCK WHICH WAS FOLLOWED DUR ING PREVIOUS YEARS [CIT VS HINDUSTAN ZINC LTD. (SC) 291 ITR 391']. ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 15 23. IN VIEW OF ABOVE DISCUSSIONS, FACTS AND CIRCUMST ANCES OF THE CASE, IT IS EVIDENT THAT THE ACT OF THE ASSESSEE OF DEBITING AN AMOUNT OF RS.5,11,50,000/- AS EXPECTED EXPENSES AND MAKING A PROVISION OF ABOVE AMOUNT IN NAME OF PROV ISION FOR DIRECT EXPENSES IS NEITHER SUPPORTED BY THE E XISTING PROVISIONS OF INCOME TAX ACT OR ACCOUNTING PRACTICE, AS DISCUSSED IN PREPARAS. THEREFORE, THE SAID AMOUNT OF RS. 5,11,50,000/- IS HEREBY ADDED TO THE TOTAL INCOME O F THE ASSESSEE. 9. WHILE RESTRICTING THE DISALLOWANCE TO RS. 43,06,8 01/-, THE LD. CIT(A) HAS HELD AS UNDER:- 2.3.1 I HAVE PERUSED THE FACTS OF THE CASE, THE AS SESSMENT ORDER AND THE SUBMISSIONS OF THE APPELLANT. THE APPE LLANT IS A REAL ESTATE DEVELOPER. IT FOLLOWS THE MERCANTIL E SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING. DURING THE YEAR, THE APPELLAN T HAS SOLD 108 FLATS WHEREAS 130 FLATS AND 8 STUDIO APARTM ENTS REMAIN IN CLOSING STOCK AT THE END OF THE YEAR. OUT OF A TOTAL BUILT UP AREA OF 4,37,761 SQ. FT., THE ASSESS EE HAS SOLD 2,03,506 SQ. FT. DURING THE YEAR. IN THIS YEAR , THE ASSESSEE HAS BOOKED SALES PERTAINING TO THE 108 FLA TS SOLD DURING THE YEAR. THE ASSESSEE FOLLOWS THE PROJECT COMPLETION METHOD OF ACCOUNTING. THE APPELLANT HAS MADE A PROVISION FOR DIRECT EXPENSES AMOUNTING TO RS.5,11,50,000/- ON ACCOUNT OF PENDING WORK RELATING TO COMMON FACILITIES LIKE LIFT, CLUB HOUSE, ELECTRIC S UBSTATION, ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 16 BOREWELL, INTERNAL ROADS, REPAIRS TO THE GANDA NALLA ETC. THIS PROVISION HAS BEEN MADE BOTH WITH RESPECT TO THE FLATS WHICH HAVE BEEN SOLD AS WELL AS THOSE RESIDENTI AL UNITS WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN SOLD AND APPEAR IN THE CLO SING STOCK. 2.3.2 THE ASSESSING OFFICER HAS DISALLOWED THIS PROVI SION ON THE GROUND THAT IT IS BASED ON MERE ESTIMATE, WITHOUT PR OPER JUSTIFICATION OR A REASONABLE BASIS. HE HAS STATED THAT THERE IS NO CONDITION WHICH ENFORCES THE ASSESSEE TO CARRY OUT THE SAID WORK AND ALSO THAT THERE IS NO TIME FRA ME FOR COMPLETION OF THE SAID WORK. HE HAS ALSO DOUBTED THE PROVISION MADE FOR THE GANDA NALLA, AS BEING AN AFTERTHOUGHT. HE HAS STRONG RESERVATIONS AGAINST TH E PROVISION MADE FOR UNSOLD RESIDENTIAL UNITS SINCE T HE CORRESPONDING REVENUE HAS NOT BEEN BOOKED IN THIS Y EAR AND WILL BE REFLECTED ONLY IN THE SUBSEQUENT YEARS. THE APPELLANT HAS REFUTED EACH OF THE ABOVE CONTENTIONS . 2.4.1 NOW EACH OF THE ABOVE ISSUES WILL BE DISCUSSED. THE APPELLANT FIRM WAS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE PENDING WORK WITH RESPECT TO COMMON FACILITIES WHICH HAS BEEN SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED IN THE SALE DEEDS EXECUTED B Y THE APPELLANT FIRM IN FAVOUR OF THE BUYERS. THE RELEVANT EXTRACT OF THE SALE DEED HAS BEEN REPRODUCED IN PAR A 6 OF THE ORDER U/S 143(3), IN THE REPLY OF THE ASSESSEE TO THE SHOW CAUSE NOTICE. THIS REGISTERED SALE DEED CREATES A CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATION ON THE APPELLANT TO PROVIDE FOR THE ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 17 FACILITIES MENTIONED IN THE SALE DEED. THE FACT THA T NO TIME FRAME HAS BEEN MENTIONED, IN THE SALE DEED, FO R COMPLETING THE ABOVE PENDING WORK DOES NOT FREE THE APPELLANT FROM THE OBLIGATION TO COMPLETE THE ABOVE WORK. IT IS IMPLIED THAT THIS WORK SHOULD BE COMPLETED IN A REASONABLE TIME. THEREFORE, IN THIS CASE, AN ASCERTA INED LIABILITY ACCRUED ON THE ASSESSEE ON THE DATE OF TH E SALE DEED TO COMPLETE THE WORK RELATING TO COMMON FACILIT IES, WHICH HAD TO BE DISCHARGED AT A FUTURE DATE. SINCE, THIS LIABILITY WAS NOT DISCHARGED TILL THE END OF THE PRE VIOUS YEAR AND HAD TO BE DISCHARGED AT A FUTURE DATE, THI S LIABILITY HAD TO BE ESTIMATED AND THERE WAS NO WAY BY WHICH IT COULD BE DETERMINED WITH SUBSTANTIAL ACCURAC Y. THIS LIABILITY WAS UNCONDITIONAL IN SO FAR AS THERE WA S NO CONDITION WHICH WAS REQUIRED TO BE SATISFIED FOR DISCHARGING THIS LIABILITY. IN AS MUCH AS THE LIABILITY WHICH HAD THUS ACCRUED DURING THE ACCOUNTING YEAR WAS TO BE DISCHARGED AT A FUTURE DATE, THE AMOUNT TO BE EXPEN DED IN THE DISCHARGE OF THAT LIABILITY WOULD HAVE TO BE ESTIMA TED IN ORDER THAT, UNDER THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING, TH E AMOUNT COULD BE DEBITED BEFORE IT WAS ACTUALLY DISBURSED. THE DIFFICULTY IN THE ESTIMATION THEREOF AGAIN WOULD NOT CONVERT A N ACCRUED LIABILITY INTO A CONDITIONAL ONE, BECAUSE IT IS ALW AYS OPEN TO THE INCOME TAX AUTHORITIES CONCERNED TO ARRIVE AT A PRO PER ESTIMATE THEREOF HAVING REGARD TO ALL THE CIRCUMSTA NCES OF THE CASE. '(CALCUTTA CO. LTD. VS. CIT (SC) 37 ITR 1). ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 18 2.4.2 IT HAS BEEN HELD IN THE CASE ROTORK CONTROLS INDIA (P) LTD. VS. CIT (SC) 180 TAXMAN 422 THAT ' WHETHER FOR A PROVISION TO QUALIFY FOR RECOGNITION, THERE MUST BE A PRESENT OBLIGATION ARISING FROM PAST EVENTS, S ETTLEMENT OF WHICH IS EXPECTED TO RESULT IN AN OUTFLOW OF RESOUR CES AND IN RESPECT OF WHICH A RELIABLE ESTIMATE OF AMOUNT OF O BLIGATION IS POSSIBLE - HELD, YES A PROVISION IS A LIABILITY WHICH CAN BE MEASURED ON LY BY USING A SUBSTANTIAL DEGREE OF ESTIMATION. A PROVISION IS RE COGNIZED WHEN: FA) AN ENTERPRISE HAS A PRESENT OBLIGATION AS A RESULT OF A PAST EVENT; (B) IT IS PROBABLE THAT AN OUTFLOW OF RESOURCES WILL BE REQUIRED TO SETTLE THE OBLIGATION; AND (C) A RELIABLE ESTIMATE CAN BE MADE OF THE AMOUNT OF THE OBLIGATIO N. IF THESE CONDITIONS ARE NOT MET, NO PROVISION CAN BE RECOGNI ZED. [PARA 10]. LIABILITY IS DEFINED AS A PRESENT OBLIGATION ARISI NG FROM PAST EVENTS, THE SETTLEMENT OF WHICH IS EXPECTED TO RESU LT IN AN OUTFLOW OF RESOURCES FROM THE ENTERPRISE EMBODYING ECONOMIC BENEFITS. [PARA 11]. 2.4.3 IN THE INSTANT CASE, THE APPELLANT HAS AN OB LIGATION TOWARDS HIS CUSTOMERS TO COMPLETE THE PENDING WORK RELATING TO COMMON FACILITIES, AS A RESULT OF THE S ALE DEEDS. THE FULFILLING OF THIS OBLIGATION WOULD RESULT IN AN OUT FLOW OF RESOURCES. AN ESTIMATE OF THIS EXPENDITU RE HAS BEEN MADE BY THE ASSESSEE, THE BASIS OF WHICH WAS GIV EN DURING THE COURSE OF ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS. THE REASONABLENESS OF THIS ESTIMATE WILL BE EXAMINED IN THE SUBSEQUENT PARAGRAPHS. THEREFORE, THE STAND OF THE ASSESSING OFFICER IN REJECTING THE CLAIM OF THE PRO VISION MERELY BECAUSE IT IS AN ESTIMATE AND WITHOUT A BINDI NG ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 19 OBLIGATION CANNOT BE SUSTAINED IN VIEW OF THE FACTS OF THIS CASE, DISCUSSED ABOVE AND THE PRINCIPLES RELATING T O PROVISIONS WHICH HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED BY THE SUPREME COURT, IN THE ABOVE JUDGMENTS. ALSO, THE ITAT, JAIPU R HAS ALSO HELD IN THE CASE OF SHREE SALASAR OVERSEAS (P) LTD. VS. DCIT (SUPRA) THAT ASSESSEE, A COLONIZER, BEING BOUND TO CARRY OUT INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLONY AT ITS COST IN TERMS OF JDA REGULATIONS, THE LIABILITY OF THE ASSE SSEE TO CARRY OUT THE INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT WORK IN THE COLONY IS AN ASCERTAINED LIABILITY WHICH ACCRUED ON THE DATE OF THE SALE OF THE PLOTS AND THEREFORE, THE PROVISION FOR DEVELOPM ENT EXPENSES MADE BY THE ASSESSEE IS ALLOWABLE AS DEDUC TION. 2.4.1. NOW THE REASONABLENESS OF THE PROVISION DEBIT ED BY THE APPELLANT IN ITS BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS WILL BE EXAMINED. AS REGARDS, THE PROVISION FOR THE REPAIR WORK OF THE GA NDA NALLA WHICH THE ASSESSING OFFICER HAS HELD TO BE AN AFTERTHOUGHT, THE APPELLANT HAS STATED THAT AT THE TIME OF SANCTIONING THE PROJECT, THE JAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, VIDE LETTER DATED 19.01.2006 HAD LAID A CONDITION FOR BUILDING A RETAINING WALL ON THE BANK OF THE NALLA FOR WHICH THE APPELLANT HAD GIVEN AN UNDERTAKI NG. THE APPELLANT HAS STATED THAT THE BREAKUP OF PROVISI ON GIVEN BY THE ASSESSEE IN THE FIRST INSTANCE DURING ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS TALLIES WITH THE DETAIIED BRE AKUP GIVEN SUBSEQUENTLY ON 19.03.2013, DURING ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS. IT HAS BEEN STATED BY THE APPELLANT TH AT IT IS THE ENTRY OF LABOUR WORK TO BE DONE BY LAXMI ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 20 CONSTRUCTION WHICH IS THE PROVISION FOR THE GANDA NA LLA. IN VIEW OF THE ABOVE, THE STAND OF THE ASSESSING OFFICE R THAT THIS PROVISION FOR GANDA NALLA IS AN AFTERTHOUGHT, CANNOT BE SUSTAINED. 2.4.2 THE SECOND CONTENTION OF THE ASSESSING OFFICE R IS THAT PROVISION FOR UNSOLD FLATS (AMOUNTING TO RS.2,73,72 ,976/-) CANNOT BE MADE BECAUSE THERE IS NO CORRESPONDING REVENUE IN THIS YEAR. IT HAS BEEN STATED BY THE ASS ESSING OFFICER THAT THE CORRESPONDING REVENUE WILL ARISE ON LY IN SUBSEQUENT YEARS. THE ASSESSING OFFICER HAS NOT UNDERSTOOD THE METHOD OF ACCOUNTING FOLLOWED BY THE ASSESSEE. THE ASSESSEE HAS MADE A PROVISION FOR PEN DING WORK FOR BOTH THE FLATS SOLD (OF RS.2,37,77,024/-) A S WELL AS THE UNSOLD FLATS (OF RS.2,73,72,976/-). AFTER IN CLUDING THIS PROVISION (FOR BOTH THE FLATS SOLD AS WELL AS THE UNSOLD FLATS), THE ASSESSEE HAS COMPUTED VALUE OF CLOSING STOCK. THEREFORE, THE PROVISION FOR UNSOLD FLATS HAS BEEN INCLUDED IN THE VALUATION OF CLOSING STOCK. THE PROV ISION ON UNSOLD FLATS HAS THEREFORE, A MATCHING ENTRY IN THE VALUATION OF CLOSING STOCK. IN OTHER WORDS IF THE PR OVISION ON UNSOLD FLATS IS TO BE DISALLOWED, THEN THE VALUE OF CLOSING STOCK WILL ALSO CORRESPONDINGLY DECREASE. THEREFORE, THIS PROVISION ON UNSOLD FLATS OF RS.2,73,72,976/- IS REVENUE NEUTRAL AND CANNOT BE A DDED TO THE TOTAL INCOME BY DISALLOWING IT. THIS CONTENTIO N OF THE ASSESSING OFFICER, IS THEREFORE, WITHOUT ANY BAS IS. ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 21 2.4.3 IT HAS BEEN STATED BY THE ASSESSING OFFICER, IN PARA 10 OF THE ORDER U/S 143(3) THAT OUT OF THE PROVISION OF RS.5,11,50,000/-, THE ASSESSEE HAS INCURRED EXPENDI TURE OF RS.3,40,14,675/- IN A.Y. 2011-12 AND EXPENDITURE OF RS.49,08,406/- IN A.Y. 2012-13. THE APPELLANT HAS ST ATED THAT FURTHER EXPENDITURE OF RS.35,85,674/- HAS BEEN INCURRED IN A.Y. 2013- 14 AND EXPENDITURE OF RS.43,34,444/- HAS BEEN INCURRED IN A.Y. 2014-15. THEREFORE, EXPENDITURE OF RS.4,68,43,199/- HAS BEEN INCURRED TILL 31.03.2014 AGAINST THE ABOVE PROVISIO N. THIS SHOWS THAT THE ESTIMATE OF PROVISION MADE IS ACCURAT E TO THE EXTENT OF RS.4,68,43,199/-. HENCE, THE PROVISIO N MADE IS EXCESSIVE TO THE EXTENT OF RS.43,06,801/- W HICH HAS NOT BEEN SPENT EVEN TILL 31.03.2014 I.E. FOUR Y EARS FROM THE END OF THE YEAR IN WHICH THE PROVISION WAS MADE. THEREFORE, PROVISION TO THE EXTENT OF RS 43,06,801/- IS CONSIDERED TO BE EXCESSIVE AND IS DISALLOWED. THE BALANCE ADDITION OF RS.4,68,43,199/- ON ACCOUNT OF DISALLOWANCE OF PROVISION, IS DIRECTED T O BE DELETED. THIS GROUND IS PARTLY ALLOWED. 10. THUS, THE ASSESSING OFFICER HELD THAT IN THE SAL E DEED/CONTRACT, NO CONDITION HAD BEEN LAID DOWN, WHEREBY THE ASSESSEE CO ULD BE ENFORCED TO MEET OUT THE LIABILITIES FOR WHICH, THE ASSESSEE CRE ATED THE PROVISION. IT WAS OBSERVED THAT IN THE SALE DEED/CONTRACT, NO TIME FRAME HAD BEEN SET FOR THE DISCHARGE OF THE LIABILITIES. HOWEVER, AS CO RRECTLY OBSERVED BY THE ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 22 LD. CIT(A), DESPITE NO TIME FRAME HAVING BEEN FIXED IN THE SALE DEED/CONTRACT FOR DISCHARGE OF THE LIABILITIES OF T HE ASSESSEE, IT COULD NOT BE SAID THAT THE WORK WAS NOT TO BE TAKEN TO BE REQUI RED TO BE COMPLETED WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME. OBVIOUSLY, THE REGISTERED SALE DEED CREATED A CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATION ON THE ASSESSEE, REQUIRING I T TO PROVIDE FOR THE FACILITIES MENTIONED THEREIN. THEREFORE, IT CANNOT B E SAID THAT THIS AGREEMENT WOULD BE AN OPEN-ENDED AGREEMENT. THE CONTR ACTUAL OBLIGATION OF THE ASSESSEE, WOULD, WITHOUT DOUBT, BE TO PROVIDE FOR THE FACILITIES WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME. AND THAT BEING SO, THE LIABILITY ACCRUING ON THE ASSESSEE, AS RIGHTLY OBSERVED BY THE LD. CIT( A), WAS AN ASCERTAINED LIABILITY. 11. THE ASSESSING OFFICER OBSERVED THAT THE PROVISIO N HAD BEEN CREATED BY THE ASSESSEE BY DEBITING THE AMOUNT IN QUESTION IN THE P&L ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR UNDER CONSIDERATION AGAINST THE REVENUE OF THE CURRENT YEAR, WHEREAS THE PROVISION RELATED TO REVENUE EXPECTED IN FUTURE. THIS, HOWEVER, HAS NO PREJUDICIAL EFFECT ON THE ASSESSEE. THE LIABILITY HAVING NOT BEEN DISCHARGED TILL THE END OF THE YEAR, IT REMAIN ED TO BE DISCHARGED LATER ON, AND IT WAS, THEREFORE, THAT IT HAD TO BE ESTIMAT ED, SO AS TO ENABLE IT TO BE DEBITED BEFORE ACTUAL DISBURSEMENT THEREOF, AS P ER THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING, WHICH WAS THE METHOD OF ACCOUNT ING OF THE ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 23 ASSESSEE. RATHER, AS PER ACTUAL FACTS ON RECORD, TH E PROJECT UNDERTAKEN BY THE ASSESSEE WAS DEVELOPMENT/REPAIR OF GANDA NALA. C LEARANCE FROM JDA WAS AWAITED BY THE ASSESSEE FOR DISCHARGE OF THE OBLI GATION. THE JDA WAS UNDERTAKING EXAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND OTHER ISSUES ON ACCOUNT OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE COURSE OF THE NALA. THE ASSESSING OFFICER REFUSED TO BELIEVE THIS CONTENTION OF THE ASSESSEE. THE ASSESSE E HAD, HOWEVER, SUBMITTED THE DETAILS WITH REGARD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF GANDA NALA. A LETTER RECEIVED FROM JDA WAS ALSO FILED. THE DETAILS AND THE LETTER, HOWEVER, WERE NOT TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION BY THE ASS ESSING OFFICER. 12. THE ASSESSING OFFICER OBSERVED THAT THE PROVISIO N HAD BEEN MADE PARTIALLY ON VERBAL COMMITMENTS AND SUCH PROVISION WAS NOT ACCEPTABLE. HOWEVER, THE ASSESSING OFFICER DID NOT TAKE INTO CON SIDERATION THE CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATION OF THE ASSESSEE, AS CAST UPO N IT BY THE SALE DEED/CONTRACT. WHILE HOLDING THE PROVISION TO BE WIT H REGARD TO EXPECTED EXPENDITURE, THE ASSESSING OFFICER HELD THAT AN AMO UNT OF RS. 2,73,72,976/- DID NOT RELATE TO THE REVENUE OF THE YEAR UNDER CONSIDERATION. IN THIS REGARD, IT REMAINS UNDISPUTE D THAT AS PER THE MATCHING CONCEPT UNDER THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACC OUNTING FOLLOWED BY THE ASSESSEE, IT IS THE INCOME AND THE EXPENDITURE FOR THE SAME ACCOUNTING PERIOD WHICH HAVE TO BE MATCHED. THE ASSES SING OFFICER ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 24 FURTHER OBSERVED THAT THE ASSESSEE HAD PARTIALLY FO LLOWED THE COMPLETED CONTRACT METHOD AND PARTIALLY, THE PERCENTAGE OF CO MPLETION METHOD. HOWEVER, THE ASSESSING OFFICER DID NOT BRING ON RECO RD ANYTHING ADVERSE TO THE ASSESSEE, WHICH COULD SUPPORT THE DISALLOWANC E OF THE PROVISION MADE BY THE ASSESSEE IN ITS BOOKS OF ACCOUNT. THE B OOKS OF ACCOUNT OF THE ASSESSEE WERE DULY AUDITED. THE ASSESSING OFFICER HIM SELF DID NOT REJECT THEM TOO. THE NON-REJECTION OF BOOKS OF ACCOUNT BY T HE ASSESSING OFFICER ALSO SPEAKS VOLUME AGAINST THE SURMISICAL AND CONJE CTURAL OBSERVATION MADE IN THE ASSESSMENT ORDER THAT THE ASSESSEE WAS I NCONSISTENT IN REVENUE RECOGNITION AND COST, AS ALSO ARBITRARY IN VALUATION OF CLOSING STOCK. FURTHER, THE ASSESSING OFFICER DID NOT BRING ANYTHING ON RECORD TO SUPPORT HIS OBSERVATION THAT THE ASSESSEE HAD FOLLO WED PARTIALLY, THE PROJECT COMPLETION METHOD AND PARTIALLY, THE COMPLE TED CONTRACT METHOD. RATHER, AS PER ITS ACCOUNTING POLICY REGARDING REVE NUE RECOGNITION, THE REVENUE FROM PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY IS RECOG NIZED WHEN SIGNIFICANT RISK AND REWARDS OF OWNERSHIP IN LAND AND/OR BUILDING ARE TRANSFERRED TO THE CUSTOMER AND A REASONABLE EXPECTATION OF THE CO LLECTION OF THE SALE CONSIDERATION FROM THE CUSTOMER EXISTS. 13. IN THE ABOVE FACTS, THE DECISION IN THE CASE OF PRESTIGE ESTATE PROJECTS LTD. VS DCIT 129 ITD 342 (BANG), WAS WRONGLY RELIED ON BY THE ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 25 ASSESSING OFFICER, EVEN THOUGH IT WAS NOT APPLICABLE . THEREIN, THE ASSESSING OFFICER WAS HELD TO BE JUSTIFIED IN HOLDIN G THE REVENUE TO BE ASSESSABLE ON THE PERCENTAGE COMPLETION METHOD. HOWE VER, AS PER THE FACTS OF THE PRESENT CASE, THE ASSESSEE IS NOT FOLL OWING THE PERCENTAGE COMPLETION METHOD. IT IS FOLLOWING THE COMPLETED CON TRACT METHOD. THEREFORE, THE DECISION IN THE CASE OF PRESTIGE EST ATE PROJECTS LTD. VS DCIT, (SUPRA), IS NOT APPLICABLE. IN THE CASE OF TU TICORIN ALKALI CHEMICALS & FERTILIZERS LTD. VS. CIT (1997) 227 ITR 172 (SC), IF THE ACCOUNTING PRACTICE CANNOT BE JUSTIFIED, IT HAS NO MERIT IN TH E ARGUMENT BASED THEREON. PER CONTRA, HEREIN, THE ACCOUNTANCY PRACTI CE OF ALLOWABILITY OF PROVISION MADE IS IN ISSUE, RENDERING TUTICORIN ALK ALI CHEMICALS & FERTILIZERS LTD. VS. CIT, TO BE TO NOWHERE DETRIMENT AL TO THE CASE OF THE ASSESSEE AND THE ASSESSING OFFICER ERRED IN MISAPPL YING THE SAME. 14. THE CASE OF SUTLEJ COTTON MILLS LTD. VS. CIT, 116 ITR 1 (SC) WAS ALSO TAKEN BY THE ASSESSING OFFICER TO GO AGAINST T HE ASSESSEE. THAT DECISION, HOWEVER, HAS NO BEARING ON THE QUESTION AS TO WHETHER OR NOT, UNDER THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING, PROVISIO N OF EXPENSES, CALLS FOR BEING ALLOWED. 15. THE ASSESSING OFFICER FURTHER OBSERVED THAT THE DECISION IN THE CASE OF CIT VS U.P. STATE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORA TION, 225 ITR 703 ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 26 (SC), DO NOT AID THE ASSESSEE. HOWEVER, WHERE THE ASS ESSEE FIRM HAS REGULARLY BEEN FOLLOWING THE PROJECT COMPLETION MET HOD FOR RECOGNIZING ITS REVENUE, AS TO HOW IT IS SO, HAS NOT BEEN SHOWN BY TH E ASSESSING OFFICER. THE PROJECT COMPLETION METHOD IS, UNDOUBTEDLY, A WELL RECOGNIZE METHOD OF ACCOUNTING, BASED ON PRINCIPLES OF COMMERCIAL AC COUNTING. IT HAS ALSO NOWHERE BEEN MADE OUT THAT THIS METHOD IS IN TRANSGR ESSION OF ANY PROVISION OF THE IT ACT. 16. WHILE RESTRICTING THE DISALLOWANCE TO RS. 43,06, 801/-, THE LD. CIT(A) HAS ALSO OBSERVED THAT AS ON THE DATE OF EXECUTION OF THE SALE DEED AND ASCERTAINED LIABILITY HAD ACCRUED ON THE ASSESSEE, I.E., TO COMPLETE THE REQUISITE WORK. OBVIOUSLY, THEREFORE, ONCE THIS LIAB ILITY HAD TO BE DISCHARGED IN FUTURE, THE SAME HAD TO BE ESTIMATED. ALSO, BEFORE THE ASSESSING OFFICER, THE ASSESSEE HAD DULY SUBMITTED THE BASIS FOR ARRIVING AT THE ESTIMATE OF THE PROVISION MADE. RATHER, THE BREAKUP OF THE PROVISION QUA THE EXPENSES CONCERNING GANDA NALA, CORRESPONDED TO THE LAST FIGURE WITH THE BREAKUP PROVIDED TO THE ASSESSI NG OFFICER BY THE ASSESSEE IN THE ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS. TAKING NOTE OF THIS RELEVANT FACT, THE LD. CIT(A) CORRECTLY OBSERVED THAT THE ASSESSING OFFICER HAD ERRED IN HOLDING THE PROVISION TO BE JUST AN AFTERTHOUGHT OF THE ASSESSEE, RAISED TO SUIT ITS CONVENIENCE. THE LD. CIT(A) ALSO OBSERVED TH AT THE PROVISION OF RS. ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 27 2,73,72,976/-, WHICH PROVISION DOES NOT STOOD INCLU DED IN THE CLOSING STOCK OF THE ASSESSEE, RELATING TO UNSOLD FLAX, WAS REVENUE NEUTRAL. 17. A SIMILAR PROVISION FOR SUPPLIES ON WORK EXECUTE D ON A DAM, WHICH WAS INCOMPLETE AT THE END OF THE REVENUE FINANCIAL Y EAR, HAS BEEN ALLOWED BY THE HONBLE JURISDICTIONAL HIGH COURT IN THE CAS E OF OM METALS & MINERALS (P) LTD., (2015) 373 ITR 406 (RAJ). THE HON 'BLE HIGH COURT OBSERVED, INTER ALIA, THAT IF THE EXPENDITURE IS NO T PAID BY THE CLOSE OF THE FINANCIAL YEAR, IT DESERVES ALLOWANCE, EVEN IN THE M ERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING. 18. THE DECISION IN CIT VS VODAFONE ESSAR SOUTH LTD. , (2015) 55 TAXMANN. COM 289 (DELHI) AND CIT VS ANSAL PROPERTI ES AND INDUSTRIES LTD., (2013) 352 ITR 637 (DEL) ARE ALSO TO THE SAME EFFECT. 19. FOR THE ABOVE, WE DO NOT FIND ANY MERIT IN THE O BJECTION SOUGHT TO BE RAISED BY THE DEPARTMENT TO THE EFFECT THAT SINC E THE ASSESSEE WAS FOLLOWING THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING, THE L D. CIT(A) WAS NOT JUSTIFIED IN DELETING THE ADDITION TO THE EXTENT OF RS. 4,68,43,199/-. 20. THE ACTION OF THE LD. CIT(A) IN HAVING SUSTAINE D THE DISALLOWANCE TO THE EXTENT OF RS. 43,06,801/- HAS GRIEVANCED THE AS SESSEE AND THE ASSESSEE HAS RAISED GROUND NO. 1 OF ITS APPEAL BEFO RE US. ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 28 21. WHILE DOING SO, THE LD. CIT(A) HAS OBSERVED THAT THE PROVISION MADE IS EXCESSIVE TO THE EXTENT OF RS. 32,06,801/-, WHIC H HAS NOT BEEN SPENT EVEN TILL 31/9/2014, I.E., FOUR YEARS FROM THE END OF THE YEAR IN WHICH THE PROVISION WAS MADE. 22. THE CONTENTION OF THE ASSESSEE IS THAT IF THE PR OVISION IS BASED ON A FAIR ESTIMATE OF THE EXPENDITURE TO BE INCURRED, WHI CH FACT HAS BEEN ACCEPTED BY THE LD. CIT(A) HIMSELF, THE PROVISION DE SERVES TO BE ALLOWED IN FULL. IT HAS BEEN CONTENDED THAT IF ANY AMOUNT REMA INS UNSPENT, IT WILL BE TAXED U/S 41(1) OF THE ACT IN THE SUBSEQUENT YEAR, AS AND WHEN THE LIABILITY TO INCUR THE EXPENDITURE CEASES TO EXIST. 23. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE LD CIT DR HAS CONTENDED T HAT THE LD. CIT(A) OUGHT TO HAVE SUSTAINED THE DISALLOWANCE IN FULL. 24. HERE, IT IS SEEN THAT IN SPITE OF THE ASSESSEE FOLLOWING THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING, THE LD. CIT(A) HELD THE PROVIS ION MADE BY THE ASSESSEE TO BE JUSTIFIED. THE LD. CIT(A) HAS HELD TH AT SINCE TILL 31/3/2014, THERE WAS INCURRENCE OF EXPENDITURE TO THE TUNE OF R S. 4,68,43,199/- AND THAT THE SUM OF RS. 43,06,801/- REMAINED UNSPENT EV EN FOUR YEARS FROM THE END OF THE YEAR IN WHICH THE PROVISION WAS MADE. IT WAS ON THIS BASIS, THAT THE PROVISION MADE WAS TAKEN TO BE EXCESSIVE TO THE EXTENT OF RS. ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 29 43,06,801/-. THE QUESTION IS AS TO WHETHER THIS ACTI ON OF THE LD. CIT(A) IS JUSTIFIED. 25. IT REMAINS UNDISPUTED THAT THE PROVISION WAS MAD E BY THE ASSESSEE FOR CERTAIN EXPECTED EXPENDITURE. AS SUCH, THE PROV ISION WAS MADE DUE TO THE ARISING OF THE POSSIBILITY OF THE EXPENDITURE I N FUTURO. THIS WAS WHAT HAD PROMPTED THE ESTIMATION. NOW, IF THE PROVISION D OES NOT STAND EXHAUSTED EVEN FOUR YEARS FROM THE END OF THE YEAR IN WHICH IT WAS MADE, THIS DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE PROVISION TO THAT EXTEN T WAS ILL CONCEIVED. THE DETAILS OF THE EXPENDITURE INTENDED WERE DULY MADE A VAILABLE. THAT SUCH INCURRENCE OF EXPENDITURE DID NOT COME ABOUT, CANNO T PUT TO NAUGHT THE PROVISION WHICH WAS MADE BONAFIDE. THE LEGAL POSITION REMAINS THAT THE AMOUNT UNUTILIZED WOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR BEING OFFE RED TO TAX IN THE NEXT ASSESSMENT YEAR. THE BASIS OF THE PROVISION MADE HAS NOT BEEN OBSERVED BY THE LD. CIT(A) TO BE IRRATIONAL. IN THIS REGARD, THE DECISION OF THE HON'BLE SUPREME COURT IN THE CASE OF BHARAT EARTH MOVERS VS CIT, (2000) 245 ITR 428 (SC), WHICH WAS FOLLOWED BY THE HON BLE DELHI HIGH COURT IN THE CASE OF YUM RESTAURANTS (I)(P) LTD., (2015) 371 ITR 139 (DEL), UNDER SIMILAR CIRCUMSTANCES, IS DIRECTLY ATT RACTED. ITA 149 & 205/JP/2015_ M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON VS ACIT 30 26. THEREFORE, WE ARE OF THE CONSIDERED OPINION THAT THE LD. CIT(A) HAS GONE WRONG IN SUSTAINING THE ADDITION TO THE EXTENT OF RS. 43,06,801/-. THE SAME SHOULD ALSO HAVE BEEN DELETED. WE ORDER SO NOW. THEREFORE, THE ADDITION OF RS. 5,11,50,000/- IS DELETED IN TOT O. 27. IN THE RESULT, THE APPEAL OF THE DEPARTMENT, I. E., ITA NO. 205/JP/2015 IS DISMISSED, WHEREAS THE APPEAL OF THE ASSESSEE IN ITA NO. 149/JP/2015 IS PARTLY ALLOWED AS INDICATED ABOVE. ORDER PRONOUNCED IN THE OPEN COURT ON 14/09/2016. SD/- SD/- FOE FLAG ;KNO , - MH TSU (VIKRAM SINGH YADAV) (A.D. JAIN) YS[KK LNL;@ ACCOUNTANT MEMBER U;KF;D LNL;@ JUDICIAL MEMBER TK;IQJ@ JAIPUR FNUKAD@ DATED:- 14 TH SEPTEMBER, 2016 *RANJAN VKNS'K DH IZFRFYFI VXZSFKR @ COPY OF THE ORDER FORWARDED TO: 1. VIHYKFKHZ @ THE APPELLANT- M/S SPYTECH BUILDCON, JAIPUR. 2. IZR;FKHZ @ THE RESPONDENT- THE A.C.I.T., CIRCLE-6, JAIPUR. 3. VK;DJ VK;QDR @ CIT 4. VK;DJ VK;QDRVIHY @ THE CIT(A) 5. FOHKKXH; IZFRFUF/K] VK;DJ VIHYH; VF/KDJ.K] T;IQJ @ DR, ITAT, JAIPUR 6. XKMZ QKBZY @ GUARD FILE (ITA NO. 149 & 205/JP/2015) VKNS'KKUQLKJ @ BY ORDER, LGK;D IATHDKJ @ ASST. REGISTRAR