M/s. Matrix Infrastructure, New Delhi V. ITO, New Delhi

ITA 5428/DEL/2010

• Counselvise Citation: [2015] 140 COUNSELVISE.COM (IT) 97551 (ITAT-DELHI)
• Duration Of Justice: 4 year(s) 9 month(s) 28 day(s)
• Appeal Type: Income Tax Appeal
• Pronouncement Date: 30-09-2015
• Appeal Filed By: Assessee
• Order Result: Partly Allowed
• Bench Allotted: E
• Next Hearing Date: 31-08-2015
• Assessment Year: 2007-2008
• Appeal Filed On: 02-12-2010
• Result in Favour of: Partly Allowed
• Court: TRIBUNAL
• Department Lawyers: P DAM KANUNJNA
• Keywords: Business income; Business expenditure; Question of law; Non compliance; Notional interest; Revenue expenditure
• Section: 143(3); 37(1); 37

Judgement Text

IN THE INCOME TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL DELHI BENCH E , NEW DELHI BEFORE SH . A. T. VARKEY , JM AND SH. O.P.KANT , AM ITA NO. 5428 /DEL./ 2010 ASSTT. YEAR : 2007 - 08 MATRIX INFRASTRUCTURE, C - 2/398, JANAKPURI, NEW DELHI PAN:AAFM1157B VS. ITO, WARD - 26(2), DELHI (APPELLANT) (RESPONDENT) ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 ASSTT. YEAR : 2007 - 08 ITO, WARD - 26(2), ROOM NO.304 - C, D - BLOCK, VIKASH BHAWAN, NEW DELHI VS. MATRIX INFRASTRUCTURE, D - 99, TAGORE GARDEN, NEW DELHI PAN:AAFM1157B (APPELLANT) (RESPONDENT) APPELLANT BY : DR. RAKESH GUPTA, ADV SH. JOMIL AGGARWAL, CA RESPONDENT BY : SH. P. DAM KANUNJNA, SR. DR DATE OF HEARING : 02 .09.2015 DATE O F PRONOUNCEMENT : 30 .09.2015 ORDER PER O.P.KANT , A.M. THESE CROSS APPEALS OF THE ASSESSEE AND THE REVENUE EMANATE OUT OF THE ORDER OF THE LEARNED COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX (APPEALS) - XXIV, NEW DELHI DATED 15.09.2010 PERTAINING TO ASSESSMENT Y EAR 2007 - 08. PAGE NO. 2 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 2. GROUNDS RAISED BY THE ASSESSEE IN ITS APPEAL ARE AS UNDER: - ON THE FACTS AND IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE, THE LD CIT(APPEALS) WAS NOT JUSTIFIED IN TAKING THE BUSINESS INCOME AS NIL AS AGAINST LOSS OF RS.52,35,797/ - BY DISALLOWING ALL EXPENSES I.E. INTEREST OF RS.67,36,671/ - PAID TO AWHO AND OTHER EXPENSES OF RS.11,42,700/ - . ON THE FACTS AND IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE, THE LD CIT(APPEALS) WAS NOT JUSTIFIED IN TAKING INTEREST INCOME OF RS.26,43,583/ - AS INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES AS AGAINST OF BUSINESS INCOME . 3. GROUNDS RAISED BY THE REVENUE IN ITS APPEAL IS AS UNDER: - DELEING THE ADDITION OF NOTIONAL INTE REST INCOME BY HOLDING THAT THE LD. AO CANNOT DICTATE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS TO THE ASSESSEE FOR EARNING INCOME ON INTEREST FREE ADVANCES EITHER FOR BUSINESS AND OR OTHERWISE AS A PRUDENT BUSINESSMEN IS NOT EXPECTED TO GIVE ADVANCE FREE OF INTERE ST AFTER BORROWING AND PAYMENT HUGE INTEREST. 4. BRIEFLY STATED FACTS OF THE CASE AS CULLED OUT FROM THE ORDER OF THE LOWER AUTHORITIES ARE THAT THE ASSESSEE FILED ITS RETURN OF INCOME DECLARING LOSS I N THE STATUS OF A PARTNERSHIP FIRM , WHICH CAME INTO EXISTENCE ON 2 8 .12.2005 . AS PER THE PARTNERSHIP DEED, THE FIRM WAS ENGAGED IN BUSINESS OF CONSTRUCTION WORK, ACQUIRING LAND, DEVELOPING AND CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS ON SUCH LAND . IN THE PREVIOUS YEAR RELEVANT TO THE ASSESSMENT YEAR, T HE ASSESSEE EN TERED INTO AN AGREEMENT WITH THE ARMY WELFARE HOUSING ORGANIZATION ( IN SHORT AWHO ) FOR PURCHASING OF LAND PAGE NO. 3 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 AND CONSTRUCTING A RESIDENTIAL ACCOMMODATION ON SUCH LAND AND TOOK AN ADVANCE OF RS.13.0 CRORES FROM THE AWHO AGAINST THE BANK GUARANTEE OF RS.13.5 0 CRORES SUBMITTED . IN ITS PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT, T HE ASSESSEE DEBITED RS.67,36,671/ - TOWARDS INTEREST ON ADVANCE FROM AWHO AND RS.11,42,700/ - TOWARDS OTHER EXPENSES, AGAINST CREDIT OF INTEREST OF RS.26,43,583/ - AND THUS COMPUTED A LOSS OF RS.52,35,797/ - . THE CASE OF THE ASSESSEE WAS SELECTED FOR SCRUTINY AND THE ASSESSMENT WAS COMPLETED U/S 143(3) OF THE INCOME - TAX ACT, 1961 (IN SHORT ACT) ON 31.12.2009. IN THE ASSESSMENT, THE LEARNED ASSESSING OFFICER (IN SHORT LD. A O ) HELD THAT AS BOOK RESULTS WERE NOT RELIABLE AND EVEN THE ASSESSEE DID NOT CLAIM CARRY FORWARD OF THE LOSS AND THEREFORE, THE ASSESSEE DID NOT CARRY OUT ANY BUSINESS ACTIVITY . A CCORDINGLY, ON LAST PAGE OF THE ASSESSMENT ORDER, W HILE COMPUTING THE INCOME, THE LD. AO HAS TAKEN INCOME FROM BUSINESS AND PROFESSION AS NIL. SIMULTANEOUSLY , THE LD. AO HELD THAT OUT OF THE INTEREST LIABILITY OF RS.67,36,671/ - DEBITED TO AWHO , THE INTEREST PAID OF RS 50.00 LAKHS WAS PENAL IN NATURE A ND THEREFORE LIABLE FOR DISALLOWANCE . THE LD. AO THEN ALSO HELD THAT NO TAX HAS BEEN DEDUCTED AT SOURCE ( TDS ) ON SUCH INTEREST OF RS.67,36,671/ - , THEREFORE SAME WAS DISALLOWED IN TERMS OF SECTION 40 (A) (IA) OF THE ACT. THE OTHER EXPENSES OF RS.11,42,700 / - WERE ALSO DISALLOWED BEING NO BUSINESS ACTIVITY. FURTHER, THE INTEREST RECEIVED OF RS.26,43,583/ FROM FIXED DEPOSIT WAS ASSESSED BY THE LD. AO AS INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES HOLDING THAT SA M E WAS NOT RELATED TO THE ACTIVITIES PAGE NO. 4 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 CARRIED OUT BY IT . FURTHER, T HE LD. AO ALSO COMPUTED A SUM OF RS.38.50 LAKHS AS INTEREST ACC RUE D ON ADVANCE OF RS.5.50 CRO RES GIVEN TO VARIOUS PERSONS FOR NON BUSINESS PURPOSES . 5. AGGRIEVED WITH THE FINDINGS OF THE LD. AO , THE ASSESSEE FILED AN APPEAL BEFORE THE LEARNED COMMISS IONER OF INCOME - TAX (APPEALS) [ IN SHORT CIT(A) ] . WHILE EXAMINING, WHETHER THE INTEREST EXPENDITURE CLAIMED BY THE ASSESSEE WAS ALLOWABLE BUSINESS EXPENDITUR E, THE LD. CIT(A) OBSERVED THAT IN CLAUSE 16 OF M EMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING (M OU ) DATED 28.08.2006 AND THE LETTER OF INTENT (LOI) NO.B/03003/15/AWHO/MYSORE DATED 09. 08.2006 , IT WAS SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED THAT IN CASE OF THE PROJECT WAS NOT COMPLETED WITHIN SIX MONTHS AS PER CLAUSE 9 OF THE SAID MOU , THE ASSESSEE WAS REQUIRED TO PAY RS.50 .00 LAKHS AS INTEREST AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURE. FURTHER, T HE LD CIT(A) OBSERVED THAT THE RATE OF INTEREST OF 9.05 PER CENT ON ADVANCE FROM AWHO CLAIMED BY THE ASSESSEE WAS NOT BORNE OUT OF ANY DOCUMENTS OF AWHO AND THAT WAS THE REASON FOR WHICH ASSESSEE PAID THE SUM , JUST AFTER COMPLETION OF S IX MONTHS OF AGREEMENT TO THE AWHO. IN VIEW OF OBSERVATIONS , THE LD . CIT(A) JUSTIFIED THE DISALLOWANCE RS.50.00 LAKHS BY THE LD. AO AS PENAL INTEREST . AS REGARDS TO THE BALANCE INTEREST OF RS. 17,36,671 / - CLAIMED BY THE ASSESSEE DURING THE YEAR, THE LD. CIT(A) HELD THAT SAME WAS NOT ALLOWABLE U/S 36(1) (III) OF THE ACT BECAUSE THE ASSESSEE HAD ADVANCED FUNDS TO ONE OF ITS PARTNER. THE LD CIT(A) , FURTHER PAGE NO. 5 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 HELD THAT EVEN IF THE INTEREST IS ALLOWABLE OTHERWISE AS BUSINESS EXPENDITURE IN ANY OTHER SECTION , SAME CANNOT BE ALLOWED U/S 40 (A) (IA) OF THE ACT AS THE ASSESSEE HAS NOT DEDUCTED TDS ON THE INTEREST , EITHER PENAL OR NON - PENAL. FURTHER , WITH REGARD TO DISALLOWANCE OF BUSINESS EXPENDITURE OF RS.11,42,700/ - , THE LD CIT(A) HELD THAT IT WAS UNDISPUTED FACT THAT THE PROJECT WAS NOT COMPLETED IN THE RELEVANT PERIOD AND THEREFORE ALL THE EXPEN DITURE DEBITED IN PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT WAS NOTHING BUT PART OF THE WORK IN PROGRESS AND THUS REQUIRE D CAPITALIZATION OF THE EXPEN DITURE . HOLDING SO , THE LD CIT(A) JUSTIFIED THAT ACTION OF THE L D. AO IN TREATING THE BUSINESS INCOME AT NIL. FURTHER, THE ACTION OF THE LD. AO IN TREATING THE INTEREST INCOME OF RS. 26,43,583/ - AS INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES WAS ALSO HELD JUSTIFIED BY THE LD. CIT(A). HOWEVER, THE ADDITION MADE BY THE LD. AO OF RS. 38,5 0,000/ - AS NOTIONAL INTEREST INCOME WAS DELETED BY THE LD. CIT(A). 6. AGGRIEVED WITH THE ABOVE FINDING S, THE ASSESSEE AND THE REVENUE BOTH ARE IN CROSS APPEAL BEFORE US. NOW, FIRST , WE DECIDE THE APPEAL OF THE ASSESSEE. ITA NO. 5428/DEL/10 7. A T THE TIME OF HEARING , THE LEARNED AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE ( IN SHORT AR) OF THE ASSESSEE MADE FOLLOWING SUBMISSION S WITH RESPECT TO GROUND NO.1 : PAGE NO. 6 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 A. AS REGARDS TO THE FINDING OF THE LD. AO AND LD. CIT(A) THAT NO BUSINESS WAS CARRIED OUT BY THE ASSESSEE , THE LD AR SUBMITTED THAT TH OUGH THE LD. AO CONTENDED IN THE ASSESSMENT ORDER THAT NO BUSINESS ACTIVITIES WAS CARRIED OUT , HOWEVER , IN PARA 2 OF THE ORDER HE HAS SAID THAT FIRM DERIVED INCOME FROM BUSINESS AND WHILE COMPUTING THE INCOME IN THE LAST PARA OF THE ASS ESSMENT ORDER HE HAS TAKEN THE INCOME FROM BUSINESS AS NIL, WHICH , ACCORDING TO THE LD AR , IS CONTRADICTORY TO THE OWN STAND OF LD. AO . FURTHER, THE LD AR SUBMITTED THAT THE LD CIT(A) AT PAGE 7 IN PARA 4.3 OF IMPUGNED ORDER HAS ALSO MENTIONED THAT ACQUI S ITION OF LAND AT VARIOUS PLACES WAS BUSINESS AS PER MOU WITH AWHO AND THEREFORE , DESPITE THESE CONTRADICTORY FINDING S, TAKING BUSINESS INCOME AT NIL WAS NOT JUSTIFIED. THE LD . AR FURTHER SUBMITTED THAT THE ASSESSEE HAS ALREADY ENTERED INTO AN AGREEMENT WITH THE AWHO AND IN FURTHERANCE OF THE AGREEMENT, THE ASSESSEE HAS PURCHASED LAND AT ONE PLACE AND MADE AGREEMENTS FOR PURCHASE OF LAND AT OTHER PLACES, AND THEREFORE, THE BUSINESS WAS DULY SET UP AS HELD BY THE ITAT, DELHI, B BENCH IN THE CASE OF SUPER LIGHT MKTG ( P ) LTD VS ITO (2005) 4 SOT 348. ACCORDINGLY, THE LD AR SUBMITTED THAT THE EXPENSES CLAIMED BEING WHOLLY AND EXCLUSIVELY NECESSARY FOR THE BUSINESS AND THEREFORE ALLOWABLE AS BUSINESS EXPENDITURE U/S 37(1) OF THE ACT. PAGE NO. 7 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 B. AS REGARD S TO FINDING OF THE LD LD. AO AND L D. CIT(A) THAT THE OUT OF AMOUNT OF RS. 67,36,671/ - CLAIMED AS INTEREST, THE SUM OF RS.50 LAKHS PAID TO THE AWHO ON 09.02.2007 WAS PENAL IN NATURE , THE LD. AR SUBMITTED THAT INTEREST PAID TO THE AWHO WAS AGAINST THE ADVANCE RECEIVED FROM THE AW HO AND AS PER CONTRACTUAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS, THEREFORE, THE INTEREST WAS NOT A PENALTY FOR AN Y INFRACTION OF STATUTORY LAW. FURTHER, HE SUBMITTED THAT THE SAID ADVANCE WAS USED FOR MAKING PAYMENT FOR ACQUIRING LAND , WHICH WAS PART OF THE BUSI NESS ACTIVITY OF THE ASSESSEE AND BUSINESS WAS ALREADY SET UP , THEREFORE, THE INTEREST WAS ALLOWABLE AS BUSINESS EXPENDITURE. FURTHER, T HE LD . AR RELIED ON THE FOLLOWING JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS REPORTED IN 196 ITR 421(CAL), 222 ITR 772(P&H), 135 ITR 811(MP), 205 ITR 163(SC), 107 ITR 172(GUJ) . AS REGARDS TO THE BALANCE INTEREST EXPENDITURE OF RS. 17,36,671/ - , THE LD. AR SUBMITTED THAT ALL THE ADVANCES WERE MADE FOR THE PURPOSE OF BUSINESS AND THE CAPITAL WAS WITHDRAWN BY ONE OF THE PARTNER M/S CHANDANA DEVELOPERS AT THE FAG END OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR I.E. 21/03 /2007 OUT OF THE CAPITAL OF RS. 6 - 7 CRORES CONTRIBUTED BY THE PARTNERS AND THEREFORE NO DISALLOWANCE OF INTEREST WAS CALLED FOR U/S 36(1)(III) OF THE ACT. C. AS REGARD TO THE DISALLOWANCE OF INTEREST PAYMENT U/S 40(A)(IA) OF THE ACT , T HE LD AR SUBMITTED THAT OUT OF TH E TOTAL INTEREST CLAIMED PAGE NO. 8 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 OF RS. 67,36,671/ - , THE INTEREST OF RS. 50.00 LAKHS STOOD PAID AS ON 09.02.2007 AND WAS NOT PAYABLE AT THE END OF THE YEAR AND THUS SECTION 40(A)(IA) OF THE ACT WAS NOT APPLICABLE IN VIEW OF THE JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS IN THE CASE OF CIT VS. VECTOR SHIPPING 357 ITR 642 (A LL) AND OTHERS C A SES REPORTED IN 43 CCH 1) (HYD), 167 TTJ 493 ( MUM ), 146 TTJ 1(SB ) (VIZAG) . FURTHER, THE LD AR SUBMITTED THAT , IN ABSENCE OF A NY JUDGEMENT OF JURISDICTIONAL HIGH COURT , EVEN IF CONTRADICTORY DECISION S ARE THERE OF OTHER COURT S , THE VIEW FAVOURABLE TO THE ASSESSEE MIGHT BE TAKEN , FOLLOWING THE DECISION OF INCOME - TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL , B BENCH CHENNAI IN THE CASE OF ITO VS. THEEKATHIR PRESS IN ITA NO. 2076/(MDS)/2012 AND DECISION OF INCOME - TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL, J BENCH , MUMBAI IN TA NO. 2293 & 2294/MUM/2013 IN THE CASE OF JITENDRA MANSUKHALAL SHAH VS. DCIT. AS REGARDS TO THE BALANCE INTEREST OF RS.17,36,671/ - THE LD AR D ID NOT PRESS FOR ALLOWANCE U/S 40(A)(IA) OF THE ACT. D. AS REGARDS TO DISAL LOWANCE OF OTHER EXPENSES OF RS.11,42,700/ - , T HE LD . AR SUBMITTED THAT SAME WERE ALLOWABLE AS THE BUSINESS EXPENDITURE AND NOTHING TO DO WITH THE PROJECT AND ONCE BUSINESS IS CARRI ED OUT , THE EXPENSES OF THE ADMINISTRATION ARE ALLOWABLE. 8. ON THE OTHER HAND, T HE LEARNED SENIOR DEPARTMENTAL REPRESENTATIVE (IN SHORT SR. DR ) RELIED ON THE ORDER OF THE LOWER AUTHORITIES . FURTHER, HE PAGE NO. 9 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 STATED THAT DISALLOWANCE OF INTEREST U/S 40(A)(IA) OF THE ACT HAS BEEN MADE CORRECTLY AND PLACED RELIANCE ON CIRCULAR NO. 10/DV/2013 DATED 16 TH DECEMBER, 2013 ISSUED BY THE CENTRAL BOARD OF DIRECT TAXES ( CBDT ) , WHEREIN DEPARTMENT HAS TAKEN A VIEW THAT IN CONTEXT OF SECTION 40(A) (IA) OF THE ACT THE TERM PAYABLE WOULD INCLUDE AMOUNTS WHICH ARE PAID DURING THE PREVIOUS YEAR 9. 1 WE HAVE HEARD THE RIVAL SUBMISSION S AND PERUSED THE MATERIAL ON RECORD. THE FIRST QUESTION WHICH ARISES FOR CONSIDERATION IN THE GROUND NO . 1 OF APPEAL IS WHEN DOES THE ASSESSEE IS SAID TO HAVE CARRIED OUT BY BUSINESS ACTIVITY OR IN OTHER WORDS , WHEN THE BUSINESS OF THE ASSESSEE WAS SET UP. IN THIS REGARD THE LD AR HAS SUBMITTED OF HAVING CONTRADICTORY FACTUAL FINDINGS IN ORDERS OF LD.AO AN D LD. CIT(A). WE ARE OF OPINION THAT SUCH MINOR CONTRADICTIONS ARE NOT MAKING SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON OTHERWISE FINDINGS OF BOTH LOWER AUTHORITIES THAT THE BUSINESS OF THE ASSESSEE WAS NOT CARRIED OUT. THEREFORE , THE MAIN ISSUE FOR US TO DECIDE WHEN THE BUS INESS EXPENSE INCURRED BECOMES ELIGIBLE FOR DEDUCTION U/S 37(1) OF THE ACT. THE HONBLE HIGH COURT OF BOMBAY IN THE CASE OF WESTERN INDIA VEGETABLE PRODUCTS LTD. VS. CIT (1954) 26 ITR 151 HAS OBSERVED AS UNDER: 'THE IMPORTANT QUESTION THAT HAS GOT TO BE CONSIDERED IS FROM WHICH DATE I ARE THE EXPENSES OF THIS BUSINESS TO BE CONSIDERED PERMISSIBLE DEDUCTIONS AND FOR THAT PURPOSE THE SECTION THAT WE HAVE GOT TO LOOK TO IS S. 2(11) AND THAT SECTION DEFINES THE 'P REVIOUS YEAR' AND FOR THE PURPOSE OF A BUSINESS THE PREVIOUS YEAR BEGINS FROM THE PAGE NO. 10 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 DATE OF SETTING UP OF THE BUSINESS. THEREFORE, IT IS ONLY AFTER THE BUSINESS IS SET UP THAT THE PREVIOUS YEAR OF THAT BUSINESS COMMENCES AND IN THAT PREVIOUS YEAR THE EXPENSE S INCURRED IN THE BUSINESS CAN BE CLAIMED AS PERMISSIBLE DEDUCTIONS. ANY EXPENSES INCURRED PRIOR TO SETTING UP A BUSINESS WOULD OBVIOUSLY NOT BE PERMISSIBLE DEDUCTIONS BECAUSE THOSE EXPENSES WOULD BE INCURRED AT A POINT OF TIME WHEN THE PREVIOUS YEAR S OF THE BUSINESS WOULD NOT HAVE COMMENCED 9. 2 FURTHER, THE HONBLE GUJARAT HIGH COURT IN THE CASE OF CIT VS. SAURASTRA CEMENT AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. (1973) 91 ITR 170 HAS MADE FOLLOWING OBSERVATION ON THE QUESTION OF SETTING UP OF BUSINESS: A BUS INESS ACTIVITY CONSISTS OF THREE STAGES: THE FIRST STAGE RELATES TO THE ACTIVITY NECESSARY FOR THE PURPOSE OF ACQUIRING THE RAW MATERIAL AND ESTABLISHMENT OF PLANT AND MACHINERY AND THE SECOND ACTIVITY COMPRISES THE PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING BY USING TH E RAW MATERIAL AND THE PLANTS AND MACHINERY SET UP FOR THE PURPOSE AND THE THIRD CATEGORY CONSISTED OF THE MARKETING THEREOF. THE FIRST IN POINT OF TIME LAYS THE FOUNDATION FOR THE SECOND ACTIVITY AND THE SECOND ACTIVITY WHEN COMPLETED LAYS THE FOUNDATION FOR THE THIRD ACTIVITY. THEREFORE, THE EXPENDITURE INCURRED FOR CARRYING ON ANY OF THESE ACTIVITIES INCLUDING THE FIRST ACTIVITY IS ALSO DEDUCTIBLE IN COMPUTING THE PROFITS AND GAINS OF THE ASSESSEE FOR THE RELEVANT YEAR WHEN THE ACTIVITY IS UNDERTAKEN. IN SARABHAI MANAGEMENT CORPORATION LTD. VS. CIT 1975 CTR (GUJ) 111 (1976) 102 ITR 25 (GUJ), THE GUJARAT HIGH COURT TOOK THE SAME VIEW AND HELD THAT THE BUSINESS COMMENCES WITH THE FIRST ACTIVITY FOR ACQUIRING BY PURCHASE OR OTHERWISE , IMMOVABLE PROPERTY. THERE MAY BE AN INTERVAL BETWEEN THE SETTING UP OF THE BUSINESS AND THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE BUSINESS. ALL EXPENSES INCURRED DURING THAT INTERVAL ARE ALSO PERMISSIBLE FOR DEDUCTION. IN CIT VS . SARABHAI MANAGEMENT CORPORATION LTD. (1992) 102 CTR (SC) 164 : (1991) 192 ITR 151 (SC) THE DECISION OF PAGE NO. 11 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 THE GUJARAT HIGH COURT WAS AFFIRMED AND WENT A STEP AHEAD THAT EVEN THE ACTIVITIES AT A PREPARATORY STAGE IS ALSO ADMISSIBLE.' 9. 3 ON PLA IN READING OF ABOVE FINDINGS OF THE COURTS, IT IS CLEAR T HAT IT IS ONLY AFTER THE BUSINESS IS SET UP, THE EXPENSES INCURRED IN THE BUSINESS CAN BE CLAIMED AS PERMISSIBLE DEDUCTION UNDER SECTION 37 OF THE ACT. IN THE CASE OF THE PRESENT ASSESSEE, THE FACTS THAT THE AGREEMENT WAS ENTERED INTO WITH AWHO AND LAND WA S PURCHASED AT ONE PLACE AND ADVANCES WERE PAID FOR PURCHASE OF LAND AT OTHER PLACES BY THE ASSESSEE , HAVE NOT BEEN DISPUTED BY THE REVENUE. THE REVENUE IS CONTENDING THAT SINCE THE PROJECT WAS NOT COMPLETED, THEREFORE, THE BUSINESS OF THE ASSESSEE WAS NO T CARRIED OUT AND THEREFORE, THE BUSINESS EXPENDITURE ARE NOT ALLOWABLE AS REVENUE EXPENDITURE. AS AGAINST, THE LD AR ASSERTS THAT IN FACTS OF THE CASE THE BUSINESS WAS SET UP AND THEREFORE, ON CE THE BUSINESS IS SET UP , THE ASSESSEE WAS ELIGIBLE TO CLAIM THE EXPENSES AS BUSINESS EXPENSES. SO, WHETHER IN THE FACTS OF THE CASE, BUSINESS WAS SET UP OR NOT, WE LOOK INTO FINDING OF THE JURISDICTION AL HIGH COURT ON THE ISSUE . T HE HONBLE HIGH COURT OF DELHI IN THE CASE OF CIT VS. DHOOMKETU BUILDERS & DEVELOPMEN T (P) LTD. 368 ITR 6 80 (DEL) HAS HELD AS UNDER: - THE TRIBUNAL HAS OBSERVED THAT HAVING REGARD TO THE BUSINESS OF THE ASSESSEE, WHICH IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF REAL ESTATES, THE PARTICIPATION IN THE TENDER REPRESENTS COMMENCEMENT OF ONE ACTIVITY WHICH WOULD ENABLE THE ASSESSEE TO ACQUIRE THE LAND FOR DEVELOPMENT. IF THE ASSESSEE IS IN A POSITION TO COMMENCE BUSINESS, THAT MEANS THE BUSINESS HAS BEEN SET - UP. THE ACTS OF APPLYING FOR PARTICIPATION IN PAGE NO. 12 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 THE TENDER, THE BORROWING OF MONIES FOR INTEREST FROM THE HOL DING COMPANY, THE DEPOSIT OF THE BORROWED MONIES ON THE SAME DAY WITH NGEF LTD. AS EARNEST MONEY WERE ALL ACTS WHICH CLEARLY ESTABLISH THAT THE BUSINESS HAD BEEN SET - UP. THE COMMENCEMENT OF REAL ESTATE BUSINESS WOULD NORMALLY START WITH THE ACQUISITION OF LAND OR IMMOVEABLE PROPERTY. WHEN AN ASSESSEE WHOSE BUSINESS IT IS TO DEVELOP REAL ESTATES, IS IN A POSITION TO PERFORM CERTAIN ACTS TOWARDS THE ACQUISITION OF LAND, THAT WOULD CLEARLY SHOW THAT IT IS READY TO COMMENCE BUSINESS AND, AS A COROLLARY, THAT IT HAS ALREADY BEEN SET - UP. THE ACTUAL ACQUISITION OF LAND IS THE RESULT OF SUCH EFFORTS PUT IN BY THE ASSESSEE; ONCE THE LAND IS ACQUIRED THE ASSESSEE MAY BE SAID TO HAVE ACTUALLY COMMENCED ITS BUSINESS WHICH IS THAT OF DEVELOPMENT OF REAL ESTATE. THE ACTUA L ACQUISITION OF THE LAND MAY BE A FIRST STEP IN THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE BUSINESS, BUT SECTION 3 OF THE ACT DOES NOT SPEAK OF COMMENCEMENT OF THE BUSINESS, IT SPEAKS ONLY OF SETTING - UP OF THE BUSINESS. WHEN THE ASSESSEE IN THE PRESENT CASE WAS IN A POSITIO N TO APPLY FOR THE TENDER, BORROWED MONEY FOR INTEREST ALBEIT FROM ITS HOLDING COMPANY AND DEPOSITED THE SAME WITH NGEF LTD. ON THE SAME DAY, IT SHOWS THAT THE ASSESSEE'S BUSINESS HAD BEEN SET - UP AND IT WAS READY TO COMMENCE BUSINESS. THE LEARNED SENIOR ST ANDING COUNSEL FOR THE REVENUE WOULD, HOWEVER, STATE THAT TILL THE LAND IS ACQUIRED, THE BUSINESS IS NOT SET - UP. THE DIFFICULTY IN ACCEPTING THE ARGUMENT IS THAT AN ASSESSEE MAY NOT BE SUCCESSFUL IN ACQUIRING LAND FOR LONG PERIOD OF TIME THOUGH HE IS READY TO COMMENCE HIS BUSINESS IN REAL ESTATE, AND THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY HIM THROUGHOUT THAT PERIOD NOT BEING COMPUTED AS A LOSS UNDER THE HEAD 'BUSINESS' ON THE GROUND THAT HE IS YET TO SET - UP HIS BUSINESS. THAT WOULD BE AN UNACCEPTABLE POSITION. THE OTHER ARGUMENT OF THE LEARNED STANDING COUNSEL FOR THE REVENUE THAT THE TAX AUDITORS OF THE ASSESSEE HAVE THEMSELVES POINTED OUT THAT THE ASSESSEE IS YET TO COMMENCE ITS BUSINESS IS ALSO IRRELEVANT BECAUSE OF THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE COMM ENCEMENT OF THE BUSINESS AND SETTING - UP OF THE SAME. PAGE NO. 13 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 10. FURTHER, HONBLE DELHI HIGH COURT IN THE CASE OF CIT VS. ARCANE DEVELOPERS (P) LTD. (2014) 368 ITR 627 , IN PARA - 7 OF THE JUDGEMENT HAS HELD THAT IN THE REAL ESTATE BUSINESS , THE SAID SETTING UP OF T HE BUSINESS WAS COMPLETE WHEN FIRST STEP S WERE TAKEN BY THE ASSESSEE TO LOOK AROUND AND NEGOTIATE WITH THE PARTIES. 11. IN A RECENT JUDGMENT OF THE JURISDICTION HIGH COURT DATED 22 ND SEPTEMBER, 2014 IN THE CASE OF CAREFOUR WC &C INDIA ( P) LTD VS. DCIT R EPORTED IN 121 DTR ( DEL) 249 THEIR LORDSHIP HAS HELD AS UNDER: 11. IT IS CLEAR THAT IT IS ONLY AFTER THE BUSINESS IS SET UP, THAT THE EXPENSES INCURRED IN THE BUSINESS CAN BE CLAIMED AS PERMISSIBLE DEDUCTION UNDER SECTION 37 OF THE ACT. FOR COMMENCEMENT OF BUSINESS, THERE MUST BE IN PLACE SOME INCOME GENERATING ASSET OR INCOME EARNING STRUCTURE. IN SEVERAL CASES, THERE IS A GAP OR AN INTERVAL BETWEEN SETTING UP AND COMMENCEMENT. WHEN THE BUSINESS IS SET UP, IS A MIXED QUESTION OF LAW AND FACT S DEPENDS UPON THE LINE, NATURE AND CHARACTER OF THE BUSINESS/ PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY. FOR EXAMPLE, FOR MANUFACTURING BUSINESS, PURCHASE OF NEW MATERIAL OR ELECTRICITY CONNECTION MAY BE RELEVANT POINT TO DETERMINE SETTING UP BUT IN CASE OF A PROPERLY DEALER , THE MOMENT, HE PUTS UP A CHAIR AND TABLE, OR STARTS TALKING, HIS BUSINESS IS SET UP. THE PRESENT ASSESSEE WAS ENGAGED AND INCORPORATED FOR CARRYING ON TRADING ACTIVITIES IN DIFFERENT COMMODITIES. THE WORD TRADE EVEN THOUGH NOT DEFINED IN THE ACT IS USED TO DENOTE OPERATIONS OF A COMMERCIAL CHARACTER BY WHICH A TRADER PROVIDES TO CUSTOMER FOR REWARD, SOME KIND OF GOODS OR SERVICES. IN OTHER WORDS, WHEN THE TRADER START PROVIDING SUCH GOODS AND PAGE NO. 14 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 SERVICES, THE BUSINESS IS SAID TO HAVE COMMENCED BUT THE SAME MAY NOT HOLD GOOD FOR SET UP OF A BUSINESS, WHICH IS A STAGE BEFORE THE COMMENCEMENT. TO SET UP A BUSINESS, THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES BECOME RELEVANT. PREPARATION OF BUSINESS PLAN, ESTABLISHMENT OF A BUSINESS PREMISES, RESEARCH INTO THE LIKELY MARKE TS OR PROFITABILITY OF THE BUSINESS, ACQUIRING ASSETS FOR USE IN THE BUSINESS, REGISTRATION AS AN ENTITY AND UNDER THE LOCAL LAWS ETC. THE SAID LIST OF ACTIVITIES ARE NOT EXHAUSTIVE AND FACTS OF EACH CASE NEED TO BE CONSIDERED. INDEED PURCHASE OF GOODS WO ULD AMOUNT TO COMMENCEMENT OF BUSINESS, BUT BEFORE THE SAID ACT, SPADE WORK AND EFFORTS TO COMMENCE HAVE TO BE UNDERTAKEN. A TRADER BEFORE ACTUAL PURPOSE WOULD POSSIBLE INTERACT AND NEGOTIATE WITH MANUFACTURERS, LANDLORDS, CONDUCT DUE DILIGENCE TO INDENTIF Y PROSPECTIVE CUSTOMERS, SPREAD AWARENESS ETC. THESE ARE ALL INTEGRAL PART AND PARCEL OF THE BUSINESS OF A TRADER. THE SAID ACTIVITIES CONTINUE EVEN POST FIRST SALE/ PURCHASE. WHEN FIRST STEPS AND TAKEN BY A TRADER, THE BUSINESS IS SET UP, COMMENCEMENT OF PURCHASE AND THEN SALES IS POST SET UP. 12. IN THE INSTANT CASE , THE ASSESSEE HAS NOT ONLY PURCHASED THE LAND AT OOTY BUT ALSO MADE AGREEMENT FOR THE PURCHASE OF LAND AT VARIOUS PLACES. THE MOU WITH AWHO WAS PUT INTO OPERATION AND SO , IN VIEW OF THE ABOVE JUDGEMENTS OF JURISDICTION HIGH COURT, WE ARE OF CONSIDERED OPINION THAT THE BUSINESS OF THE ASSESSEE WAS SET UP, AND T HEREFORE, THE ACTION OF THE LD. CIT(A) IN HOLDING THAT BUSINESS ACTIVITY WAS NOT CARRIED OUT , IS NOT JUSTIFIED. ACCORDINGLY , WE HOLD THA T INTEREST AND OTHER EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE ASSESSEE AND CLAIMED AS BUSINESS EXPENDITURE ARE ALLOWABLE SUBJECT TO OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE ACT. PAGE NO. 15 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 13. THE LD. CIT(A) HAS ALSO GIVEN A FINDING THAT THE INTEREST EXPENDITURE OF RS.67,36,671/ - WAS NOT ALLOWABLE BEING RS.50.00 LAKHS PENAL IN NATURE AND BALANCE RS.17,36,671/ - BEING DISALLOWABLE U/S 36(1)(III) OF THE ACT. A S REGARDS TO INTEREST PAID OF RS.50 .00 LACS TO THE AWHO , CONSIDERED BY THE LD. AO AND LD . CIT(A) AS PENAL IN NATURE , THE LD. AO HA S REPRODUCED THE RELEVANT CLAUSE OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE ASSESSEE AND AWHO IN HIS ORDER. THE SAID CLAUSE MAKES THE ASSESSEE LIABLE TO PAY AN AMOUNT OF RS. 50.00 LAKHS TO THE AWHO IN CASE OF NOT ADHERING TO THE TIME LIMIT OF EXECUTION OF AGREEMENT. IT IS E VIDENT FROM THE SAID CLAUSE THAT IT IS MERELY A CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATION AND PAYMENT OF SUCH AMOUNT FOR NON COMPLIANCE OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF AGREEMENT, WAS NOT AN INFRINGEMENT OF THE STATUTORY LAW . THE HON BLE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA IN THE CAS E OF CIT VS INDO ASIAN SWITCH - GEARS ( P ) LTD REPORTED IN 222 ITR 772 HAS HELD THAT CERTAIN AMOUNT PAID BY WAY OF PENALTY ON ACCOUNT OF LATE DELIVERY OF GOODS WAS NOT ON ACCOUNT OF INFRACTION OF LAW AND THEREFORE, IT WAS DEDUCTIBLE. THE HONBLE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH IN THE CASE OF CIT, MADHYA PRADESH - I VS . RAJKUMAR MILLS LTD REPORTED IN 135 ITR 811 HAS HELD THAT AMOUNT PAID BY THE ASSESSEE TO THE EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL FOR SHORTFALL IN EXPORT PERFORMANCE WAS NOT A PENALTY FOR INFRACTION OF LAW. THE HONBLE S UPREME COURT IN THE CASE OF CIT V S . AHMEDABAD COTTON MFG. CO. LTD REPORTED IN [1994] 205 ITR 163 HAS HELD THAT PAYMENT MADE TO TEXTILE COMMISSIONER FOR NON FULFILLMENT OF PAGE NO. 16 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 CONDITIONS OF BOND WAS NOT A PENALTY OR SOMETHING AKIN TO PENALTY. RESPEC TFULLY , FOLLOWING THE ABOVE JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS, WE HOLD THAT PAYMENT OF INTEREST OF RS. 50.00 LAKHS WAS NOT A PENALTY AND THEREFORE THE SAME IS ALLOWABLE U/S 37(1 ) OF THE AC T . AS REGARDS TO BALA NCE INTEREST EXPENDITURE OF RS. 17,36,671/ - PAYABLE TO THE AWHO IS CONCERNED , WE AGREE WITH THE CONTENTION OF THE LD AR THAT THE ASSESSEE HAS PAID ADVANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PURCHASE OF LAND AND WHICH IS ONE OF MAIN BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF THE ASSESSEE. MERELY WITHDRAWING CAPITAL BY ONE OF THE PARTNER AT THE FAG END OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR OUT OF THE CAPITAL OF PARTNERS LYING IN THE FIRM, IT CANNOT BE SAID THAT THE ASSESSEE HAS UTILIZED INTEREST BEARING FUND FOR THE PURPOSE OF ACTIVITY OTHER THAN BUSINESS , HENCE , THE INTER EST EXPENDITURE RS.17,36,671/ - IS HELD TO ALL OWABLE BUSINESS EXPENDITURE . THEREFORE, THE ENTIRE INTEREST OF RS.67,36,671/ - IS ALLOWABLE AS BUSINESS EXPENDITURE SUBJECT TO THE ALLOWABILITY UNDER THE PROVISION OF SECTION 40(A)(IA) OF THE ACT. 14. A S REGARDS TO THE ALTERNATIVE DISALLOWANCE OF INTEREST A MOUNT OF RS. 67,36,671/ - U/S 40(A)(IA) OF THE ACT BY THE LD CIT(A) IS CONCERNED , THE FACTS ARE THAT INTEREST OF RS. 50.00 LAKHS WAS PAID DURING THE YEAR AND BALANCE INTEREST OF RS. 17,36,671 WAS PAYABLE OR OUTSTANDING AT THE END OF THE YEAR. THE LD AR HAS RE LIED ON THE DECISION OF THE SPECIAL BENCH OF THE TRIBUNAL IN MERILYN SHIPPING AND TRANSPORTS V. ADDL . CIT (2012) 16 ITR (TRIB.) 1 (SB) ( VISAKHAPATNAM) (SB) UPHELD BY THE HONBLE HIGH COURT OF PAGE NO. 17 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 ALLAHABAD IN THE CASE OF VECTOR SHIPPING (SUPRA) THAT THE DISALLOWANCE FOR NON DEDUCTION OF TAX AT SOURCE CAN APPLY ONLY FOR THE BALANCE AMOUNT AT THE END OF THE ACCOUNTING YEAR. THERE IS AN ADVERSE JUDGEMENT OF THE HONBLE HIGH COURT OF GUJRAT IN THE CASE OF CIT V. SIKANDARKHAN N. TUNVAR REPORTED IN 357 ITR 312. THE LD. AR HAS SUBMITTED THAT THERE IS NO JUDGEMENT OF THE JURISDICTIONAL HIGH COURT ON THIS DISPUTE, SO THE JUDGEMENT WHICH IN FAVOUR OF THE ASSESSEE MAY BE CONSIDERED, IN VIEW OF THE DECISIONS IN THE CASE OF ITO VS THEEKATHIR ( SUPRA) AND JITE NDRA MANSUKHLAL SHAH VS. DCIT ( SUPRA) . THE CIRCULAR CITED BY THE LD SR DR MAY BE BINDING ON THE DEPARTMENT BUT IT IS NOT BINDING ON THE TRIBUNAL. THE DECISION OF THE TRIBUNAL BEING PRECEDENT BEFORE US, RESPECTFULLY FOLLOWING THE DECISION, WE HOLD THAT THA T INTEREST OF RS. 50.00 LAKHS, BEING ALREADY PAID BEFORE THE END OF THE RELEVANT PREVIOUS Y EAR AND THEREFORE PROVISION OF S ECTI ON 40(A)(IA) OF THE ACT ARE NOT APPLICABLE IN RESPECT OF SAID INTEREST PAID OF RS. 50.00 LAKHS. AS REGARDS TO THE BALANCE INTERES T OF RS. 17,36,671/ - WHICH WAS PAYABLE AT THE END OF THE YEARS, THE ASSESSEE HAS ALREADY NOT PRESSED FOR ALLOWANCE OF THE SAME U/S 40(A)(IA) OF THE ACT. SO, ALTHOUGH SAME IS OTHERWISE HELD AS ALLOWABLE BUSINESS EXPENDITURE, BUT IT IS NOT ALLOWED IN THE CURR ENT ASSESSMENT YEAR IN T E R MS OF SECTION 40(A)(IA) OF THE ACT. 15. AS REGARDS THE BUSINESS EXPENSES OF RS.11,42,700/ - IS CONCERNED WE HAVE ALREADY HELD THAT BUSINESS OF THE ASSESSEE WAS SET UP AND THEREFORE , PAGE NO. 18 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 THE EXPENSES CLAIMED BY THE ASSESSEE BEING ADMI NISTRATIVE IN NATURE ARE ALLO WABLE AS BUSINESS EXPENDITURE AND NO CAPITALIZATION IS REQUIRED. 16. I N NUTSHELL, OUT OF INTEREST EXPENSES OF RS. 67,36,671 / - INTEREST EXPENSES OF RS.50.00 LAKHS ONLY ARE HELD AS ALLOWED AND OTHER BUSINESS EXPENSES OF RS.11,42,700/ - ARE HELD AS FULLY ALLOWED TO THE ASSESSEE. ACCORDINGLY, T HE GROUND NO . 1 OF THE ASSESSEE STANDS PARTLY ALLOWED. 17 . IN GROUND N O.2, THE ASSESSEE HAS CHALLENGED THE ACTION OF THE LD. AO IN CONSIDERING THE INTEREST INCO ME OF RS.26,43,583/ - FROM FIXED DEPOSIT WITH BANK AS INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES AS AGAINST THE BUSINESS INCOME CLAIMED BY THE ASSESSEE . THE LD AR SUBMITTED THAT FIXED DEPOSIT WAS MADE FOR GIVING GUARANTEE TO THE AWHO BY WAY OF SECURITY FOR THE PURPOSE OF RECEIVING ADVANCE AND THUS SAID FIXED DEPOSIT WAS MADE FOR THE PURPOSE OF BUSINESS AND THE INTEREST INCOME BEING PART OF BUSINESS INCOME, SHOULD NOT BE ASSESSED SEPARATELY AS INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES. IN SUPPORT THEREOF , HE RELIED ON THE JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS REPORTED IN 9 IT S 263 (MUM), 345 ITR 283 (ALL), 297 ITR 70 (KA R) , 132 ITR 70 (DEL). FURTHER, THE LD AR SUBMITTED THAT WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE ABOVE , IF INTEREST INCOME MIGHT BE TREATED TOWARDS THE PROJEC T AND THEN SAME MAY BE ADJUSTED TO REDUCE COST OF PROJECT IN TERMS OF DECISION REPORT ED IN 236 ITR 315 (SC). FURTHER, THE LD AR ALSO CONTENDED THAT WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE ABOVE THE INTEREST PAID TO AWHO FOR ADVANCE , OUT OF WHICH THE SAID PAGE NO. 19 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 F IXED D EPOSIT WA S MADE , MAY BE ALLOWED U/S 57 OF THE ACT. ON THE OTHER HAND THE LD DR RELIED ON THE ORDER OF THE LD. AO AND CIT(A) AND STATED THAT INTEREST BEING EARNED FROM FIXED DEPOSIT WAS CORRECTLY ASSESSED UNDER THE H EAD INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES . 18 . RIVAL SUBMISSIONS HAVE BEEN HEARD AND MATERIAL ON RECORD PERUSED. IN THE CASE OF THE ASSESSEE, THE FACT THAT FIXED DEPOSIT WAS MADE FOR GIVING A BANK GUARANTEE, IS NOT IN DISPUTE. ONCE IT IS DEMONSTRATED BY THE ASSESSEE THAT THE MAKING OF FIXED DEPOSIT WAS REQUIREMENT OF BUSINESS NECESSITY, THE INTEREST INCOME FALLS UNDER THE HEAD PROFIT OF BUSINESS AS HAS BEEN HELD IN NUMEROUS JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS. IN THE CASE OF ITO VS. PARAM 9 ITD 263 (ITAT) (BOMBAY), THE ASSESSEE WAS ENGAGED IN CONSTRUCTION OF BUI LDING ON THE LAND WHICH HAD TAKEN ON LEASE FROM THE STATE GOVERNMENT AND THE ASSESSEE HAD GIVEN CERTAIN GUARANTEE TO THE STATE GOVT. AND FOR THAT PURPOSE THE ASSESSEE HAD TO KEPT CERTAIN AMOUNT IN THE FIXED DEPOSIT . IN THAT CASE THE INTEREST RECEIVED FROM FIXED DEPOSIT WAS HELD TO BE INCOME FROM BUSINESS BY THE TRIBUNAL . SIMILARLY IN THE CASE OF SHAYAM BIHARI VS. CIT REPORTED IN 345 ITR 283 (PATNA) , THE ASSESSEE WAS A CONTRACTOR AND IN ORDER TO SECURE THE CONTRACT , HE WAS REQUIRED TO OFFER A BANK GUARANTEE TO THE CONTRACT EE . IN THIS CASE THE HONBLE HIGH COURT RELYING ON THE DECISION OF THE KARNATAKA HIGH COURT IN THE CASE OF COMMISSIONER OF INCOME - TAX AND VS. CHINNA NACHIMUTHU CONSTRUCTIONS (2008) 297 ITR 70 AND ALSO ON THE JUDGEMENT OF SUPREME PAGE NO. 20 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 COURT IN THE CASE OF CIT VS GOVINDA CHOUDHURY A ND SONS(SC) REPORTED IN 203 ITR 881(SC) HELD THAT THE INVESTMENT OF AMOUNT IN FIXED DEPOSIT BY THE ASSESSEE WAS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROVIDING A BANK GU A RANTEE TO THE CONTRACT EE IN O RDER TO ACQUIRE CONTRACT WORK AND THEREFORE , THE INTEREST RECEIVED ON FIXED DEPOSIT WAS IN THE NATURE OF BUSINESS INCOME. IN THE INSTANT CASE ALSO THE ASSESSEE HAS MADE FIXED DEPOSIT FOR THE PURPOSE OF BANK GUARANTEE TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE AWHO FOR THE PUR POSE OF GETTING ADVANCE. FURTHER THE LD AR HAS ALSO RELIED ON THE JUD G EMENT OF THE HONBLE JURISDICTIONAL HIGH COURT IN THE CASE OF SNAM PROGETTI VS. ADD ITIONAL CIT REPORTED IN 132 ITR 70 . IN THAT CASE THE ASSESSEE WAS AN ITALIAN COMPANY AND CAME TO INDIA AS A CONTRACTOR AND EXTRA FUNDS AVAILABLE WERE DEPOSITED IN BANK. THE INTEREST EARNED ON FUNDS WITH BANK HAS BEEN HELD AS BUSINESS INCOME BY THE HONBLE COURT. IN VIEW OF THE ABOVE JUDGEMENTS OF THE VARIOUS COURTS , WE ARE OF THE CONSIDERED OPINION THAT TH E ASSESSEE WAS REQUIRED TO MAKE A FIXED DEPOSIT FOR THE PURPOSE OF BUSINESS NECESSITY AND THEREFORE , THE INTEREST INCOME EARNED THEREON FALLS UNDER THE HEAD PROFIT AND GAINS OF BUSINESS AND PROFESSION . AS THE INTEREST INCOME AS BEEN HELD AS PART OF B USINESS INCOME, THE ALTERNATIVE ARGUMENTS OF THE LD . AR ARE RENDERED OTIOSE . ACCORDINGLY, THIS GROUND OF THE ASSESSEE IS ALLOWED. 19 . IN THE RESULT THE APPEAL OF THE ASSESSEE IS PARTLY ALLOWED. 20 . NOW, WE TAKE UP THE APPEAL OF THE REVENUE. PAGE NO. 21 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 ITA NO.554 8/DEL./2010 21 . IN THE SOLITARY GROUND, THE REVENUE HAS AGITATED THE ISSUE OF NOTIONAL INTEREST INCOME OF RS. 38,50,000/ - DELETED BY THE LD CIT(A) . THE LD SR . DR RELIED ON THE ORDER OF THE LD . AO. ON THE OTHER HAND , THE LD AR RELIED ON THE FINDING OF THE LD CIT(A) AND SUBMITTED THAT FUNDS OF RS.5.50 CRORES WERE UTILIZED FOR THE PURPOSE OF BUSINESS ONLY AS AGAINST CLAIM OF THE LD. LD. AO THAT SAME WERE UTILIZED ELSEWHERE , AND THEREFORE, HYPOTHETICALLY ESTIMATING INTER EST I NCOME AT THE RATE OF 12% ON RS. 5.5 CRORES , WAS NOT JUSTIFIED. THE L D . AR ALSO RELIED ON THE JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENT IN THE CASE OF B & A PLANTATIONS & INDUSTRIES LTD. VS. CIT (2000) 242 ITR 22 (GAU). 22 . WE HAVE HEARD THE RIVAL SUBMISSION S AND PERUSED THE MATERIAL ON RECORD. T HE FINDING OF THE LD. LD. AO THAT THE FUND OF RS.5.50 CRORES WAS INVESTED ELSEWHERE AND DETAILS OF WHICH WAS NOT DISCLOSED , IS FOUND NOT TO BE CORRECT . THE ASSESSEE HAS SUBMITTED DETAILS OF UTILIZATION OF THE FUND S BEFORE THE LD CIT(A) AND ACCORDING TO WHICH IT IS CLEAR THAT THE FUND S WERE INVESTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF PURCHASING LAND OR INVESTMENT IN F IXED D EPOSIT . THE LD. CIT(A) HAS RIGHTLY HELD THAT THE LD. AO CANNOT DICTATE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS TO THE ASSESSEE . THE HONBLE GAUHATI HIGH COURT IN THE CASE B&A PLANTATION (SUPRA) HELD THAT NO NOTIONAL AMOUNT OF INTEREST COULD BE ASSESSED ON LOAN GIVEN TO SISTER CONCERN ON THE GROUND THAT INTEREST OUGHT TO HAVE BEEN CHARGED . THEREFORE , IN OUR PAGE NO. 22 ITA NO.5428/DEL./2010 ITA NO.5548/DEL./2010 CONSIDERED OPI NION, CHARGING OF NOTIONAL INTEREST HAS RIGHTLY BEEN DELETED BY THE LD CIT(A) AND NO INTERFERENCE IS REQUIRED IN THE FINDING OF THE LD CIT(A). ACCORDINGLY THE GROUND OF REVENUE IS DISMISSED. 23 . IN THE RESULT THE APPEAL OF THE ASSESSEE IS PARTLY ALLOWED A ND THE APPEAL OF THE REVENUE IS DISMISSED. ORDER PRONOUNCED IN THE COURT ON 3 0 / 09 /2015 . - S D / - - S D / - ( A. T. VARKEY ) ( O.P.KANT ) JUDICIAL MEMBER ACCOUNTANT MEMBER DATED: 3 0 / 09/2015 *AJAY* COPY FORWARDED TO: 1 . APPELLANT 2 . RESPONDENT 3 . CIT 4 . CIT(APPEALS) 5 . DR: ITAT ASSISTANT REGISTRAR DELHI BENCHES, NEW DELHI