IN THE INCOME TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL C BENCH, MUMBAI VK;DJ VIHYH; VF/KDJ.K] LH U;K;IHB EQACBZ BEFORE SHRI VIJAY PAL RAO , JUDICIAL MEMBER AND SHRI RAJENDRA, ACCOUNTANT MEMBER JH FOT; IKY JKO] U;KF;D LNL; ,OA JH JKTSUNZ] YS[KK LNL; DS LE{K ITA NO. 6247 /MUM/2011 ASSESSMENT YEAR: - 2005 - 06 INCOME TAX OFFICER - 8(2) - 4 ROOM NO. 213/216A, 2 ND FLOOR, AAYAKAR BHAVAN, M.K. ROAD, MUMBAI 400 020. 4 TH FLOOR, C - 10, PRATYAKSHKAR BHAVAN, BANDRA (E), MUMBAI 400 051. VS.` PAYAL BUILDERS & ASSOCIATES P. LTD. A/4, TEJ KIRAN, 79 RAM MANDIR, VILE PARLE (E), MUMBAI 400 057. APPELLANT / VIHYKFKHZ RESPONDENT / IZR;FKHZ ORDER PER VIJAY PAL RAO, JM THIS APPEAL BY THE REVENUE IS DIRECTED AGAINST THE ORDER DATED 27.06.2011 OF CIT(A) FOR A.Y. 2005 - 06. THE REVENUE HAS RAISED FOLLOWING GROUNDS: 1. ON THE FACTS AND IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE AND IN LAW, THE LD CIT ( A) ERRED IN DELETING THE DISALLOWANCE OF RS 1 ,08,57,LOO/ - MADE U/S. 40 ( A ) (IA) OF THE ACT. 2. 'ON THE FACTS AND IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE AND IN LAW, THE LD CIT(A) ERRED IN LAW BY MISINTERPRETING THE AMENDMENT BY FINANCE ACT, 201 TO THE REVENUE BY / JKTLP DH VKSJ LS SHRI PREMANAND J. ASSESSEE BY / FU/KKZFJRH FD VKSJ LS SHRI M. SUBRAMANIAM DATE OF HEARING 10.03.2015 DATE OF PRONOUNCEMENT 18 .03.2015 PAYAL BUILDERS & ASSOCIATION PVT. LTD. 2 | P A G E PROVISIONS OF SECTION 40 ( A ) (IA) OF THE I.T. ACT, 1961 AS BEING REMEDIAL/CURATIVE IN NATURE AND APPLICABLE W.EF. 01.04.2004, WHEREAS THE AMENDMENT BY THE FINANCE ACT, 2010 TO THE PRO VISIONS OF SECTION 40(A)(IA) OF THE I.T. ACT, 1961 IS NOT MADE WITH RETROSPECTIVE EFFECT, BUT IT IS EFFECTIVE FROM 0104.2010 ONWARDS AND CONSEQUENTLY THE DISALLOWANCE WAS RIGHTLY MADE BY THE AO. DURING THE YEAR UNDER CONSIDERATION.' 3. 'ON THE FACTS AND IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE AND IN LAW, THE LD CIT(A) ERRED IN LAW BY DISREGARDING THE FACT THAT THE FINANCE ACT, 2008 HAD INSERTED CLAUSES (A) AND (B) TO SECTION 40(A)(IA) WITH RETROSPECTIVE EFFECT FROM 01.04.2005 AND THEREFORE THE SAID CLAUSES WER E CLEARLY APPLICABLE DURING AY 2005 - 06 IE THE YEAR UNDER CONSIDERATION AND CONSEQUENTLY TDS DONE BY THE ASSESSEE IN ANY MONTH OTHER THAN THE LAST MONTH OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR, HAD TO BE PAID BEFORE THE END OF THE RELEVANT PREVIOUS YEAR I.E. 31.03.2005, TO ES CAPE THE RIGOURS OF SECTION 40(A)(IA), WHICH THE ASSESSEE HAD FAILED TO DO.' 4.'ON THE FACTS AND IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE AND IN LAW, THE LDCIT(A) ERRED IN HOLDING THAT THE AMENDMENT BY FINANCE ACT, 2010 TO THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 409A)(IA) OF THE I.T. ACT, 1961 IS REMEDIAL/CURATIVE IN NATURE, AND HENCE. ITS APPLICATION WOULD BE RETROSPECTIVE, BY RELYING ON THE JUDGMENT OF THE JURISDICTIONAL TRIBUNAL IN THE CASE OF BANSAL PARIVAHAN INDIA PVT. LTD. VS ITA 43 SOT 619 WHICH HAS NOT BEEN ACCEPTED B Y THE REVENUE. 2. THE ONLY ISSUE ARISES FROM THE GROUNDS RAISED BY THE REVENUE IS REGARDING DISALLOWANCE MADE BY THE ASSESSING OFFICER U/S 40(A)(IA) IN RESPECT OF THE AMOUNT ON WHICH THE TDS WAS DEDUCTED BUT WAS NOT DEPOSITED WITHIN THE TIME SPECIFIED U/ S 200(1) OF THE ACT. THE CIT(A) HAS DELETED THE ADDITION MADE BY ASSESSING OFFICER BY FOLLOWING THE DECISION OF THIS TRIBUNAL IN CASE OF BANSAL PARIVAHAN (INDIA)(P.)LTD. VS. VS. ITO 43 SOT 619, WHEREIN, THE TRIBUNAL HAS HELD THAT THE PROVISO INTRODUCED BY SECTION 40(A)(IA) W.E.F 1.4.2010 IS REMEDIAL/CLARIFICATORY IN NATURE AND, THEREFORE, WOULD BE APPLICABLE RETROSPECTIVELY. ACCORDINGLY, IF THE TDS DEDUCTED HAS BEEN DEPOSITED WITH THE GOVERNMENT BEFORE THE DUE DATE OF FILING OF RETURN U/S 139(1) THEN NO DI SALLOWANCE U/S 40(A)(IA) IS CALLED FOR. 3. WE HAVE HEARD THE LD. DR AS WELL AS LD. AR AND CONSIDERED THE RELEVANT MATERIAL ON RECORD . THE LD. DR HAS RELIED UPON THE ORDER OF PAYAL BUILDERS & ASSOCIATION PVT. LTD. 3 | P A G E ASSESSING OFFICER WHEREAS THE LD. AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ASSESSEE HAS SUBMITTED THAT THE ISSUE IS COVERED BY THE DECISION OF THIS TRIBUNAL IN THE CASE OF PARIVAHAN (INDIA)(P.)LTD. VS. VS. ITO (SUPRA). AT THE OUTSET WE NOTE THAT T HE HONBLE DELHI HIGH COURT IN CIT VS. NARESH KUMAR (362 ITR 256) WHILE CONSIDERING THE AMENDED PROVISO TO SECTION 40(A)(IA) HAS HELD IN PARA 26 TO 29 AS UNDER : - 26. PRINCIPLE OF MATCHING WHICH IS DISTURBED BY SECTION 40(A)(IA) OF THE ACT, MAY NOT MATERIALLY BE OF CONSEQUENCE TO THE REVENUE WHEN THE TAX RATES ARE STABLE AND UNIFORM OR IN CASES OF BIG ASSESSEES HAVING SUBSTANTIAL TURNOVER AND EQUALLY HUGE EXPENSES AS THEY HAVE NECESSARY CUSHION TO ABSORB THE EFFECT. HOWEVER, MARGINAL AND MEDIUM TAXPAYERS, WHO WORK AT LOW G.P. RATE AND WHEN EXPENDITURE WHICH BECOMES SUBJECT MATTER OF AN ORDER UNDER S ECTION 40(A)(IA) IS SUBSTANTIAL, CAN SUFFER SEVERE ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES AS IS APPARENT FROM THE CASE OF NARESH KUMAR. TRANSFERRING OR SHIFTING EXPENSES TO A SUBSEQUENT YEAR, IN SUCH CASES, WILL NOT WIPE OFF THE ADVERSE EFFECT AND THE FINANCIAL STRESS. NEVE RTHELESS THE SECTION 40(A)(IA) HAS TO BE GIVEN FULL PLAY KEEPING IN MIND THE OBJECT AND PURPOSE BEHIND THE SECTION. AT THE SAME TIME, THE PROVISION CAN BE AND SHOULD BE INTERPRETED LIBERALLY AND EQUITABLE SO THAT AN ASSESSEE SHOULD NOT SUFFER UNINTENDED AN D DELETERIOUS CONSEQUENCES BEYOND WHAT THE OBJECT AND PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION MANDATES. CASE OF NARESH KUMAR IS NOT ONE OF RARE CASES, BUT ONE OF SEVERAL CASES AS WE FIND THAT SECTION 40(A)(IA) IS INVOKED IN LARGE NUMBER OF CASES. 27. ONE IMPORTANT CONSI DERATION IN CONSTRUING A MACHINERY SECTION IS THAT IT MUST BE SO CONSTRUED SO AS TO EFFECTUATE THE LIABILITY IMPOSED BY THE CHARGING SECTION AND TO MAKE THE MACHINERY WORKABLE. HOWEVER, WHEN THE MACHINERY SECTION RESULTS IN UNINTENDED OR HARSH CONSEQUENCES WHICH WERE NOT INTENDED, THE REMEDIAL OR CORRECTION ACTION TAKEN IS NOT TO BE DISREGARDED BUT GIVEN DUE REGARD. 28. IT IS, IN THIS CONTEXT, THAT WE HAD IN RAJINDER KUMARS CASE (SUPRA) OBSERVED AS UNDER(PAGE 252 OF 362 ITR): NOW, WE REFER TO THE AMENDMENTS WHICH HAVE BEEN MADE BY THE FINANCE ACT, 2010 AND THE EFFECT THEREOF. WE HAVE ALREADY QUOTED THE DECISION OF THE CALCUTTA HIGH COURT IN VIRGIN CREATIONS (SUPRA). THE SAID DECISION REFERS TO THE EARLIER DECISION OF THE SUPR EME COURT IN THE CASE OF ALLIED MOTORS (P) LIMITED (SUPRA) AND COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX VERSUS ALOM EXTRUSIONS LIMITED, (2009) 319 ITR 306 (SC). IN THE CASE OF ALLIED MOTORS (P) LIMITED (SUPRA), THE SUPREME COURT WAS EXAMINING THE FIRST PROVISO TO SECTIO N 43B PAYAL BUILDERS & ASSOCIATION PVT. LTD. 4 | P A G E AND WHETHER IT WAS RETROSPECTIVE. SECTION 43B WAS INSERTED IN THE ACT WITH EFFECT FROM 1ST APRIL 1984 FOR CURBING CLAIMS OF TAXPAYERS WHO DID NOT DISCHARGE OR PAY STATUTORY LIABILITIES BUT CLAIMED DEDUCTIONS ON THE GROUND THAT THE STATUTORY LIABILITY HAD ACCRUED. SECTION 43B STATES THAT THE STATUTORY LIABILITY WOULD BE ALLOWED AS A DEDUCTION OR AS AN EXPENSE IN THE YEAR IN WHICH THE PAYMENT WAS MADE AND WOULD NOT BE ALLOWED, EVEN IN CASES OF MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTANCY, IN THE YEAR OF ACCRUAL. IT WAS NOTICED THAT IN SOME CASES HARDSHIP WOULD BE CAUSED TO ASSESSEES, WHO PAID THE STATUTORY DUES WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED PERIOD THOUGH THE PAYMENTS SO MADE WOULD NOT FALL WITHIN THE RELEVANT PREVIOUS YEAR. ACCORDINGLY, A PROVISO WAS ADDED BY FINANCE ACT, 1 987 APPLICABLE WITH EFFECT FROM 1ST APRIL, 1988. THE PROVISO STIPULATED THAT WHEN STATUTORY DUES COVERED BY SECTION 43B WERE PAID ON OR BEFORE THE DUE DATE FOR FURNISHING OF THE RETURN UNDER SECTION 139(1), THE DEDUCTION/EXPENSE, EQUAL TO THE AMOUNT PAID W OULD BE ALLOWED. THE SUPREME COURT NOTICED THE PURPOSE BEHIND THE PROVISO AND THE REMEDIAL NATURE OF THE INSERTION MADE. OF COURSE, THE SUPREME COURT ALSO REFERRED TO EXPLANATION 2 WHICH WAS INSERTED BY FINANCE ACT, 1989 WHICH WAS MADE RETROSPECTIVE AND WA S TO TAKE EFFECT FROM 1ST APRIL, 1984. HIGHLIGHTING THE OBJECT BEHIND SECTION 43B, IT WAS OBSERVED THAT THE PROVISO MAKES THE PROVISION WORKABLE, GIVES IT A REASONABLE INTERPRETATION. IT WAS ELUCIDATED(PAGE 686 OF 224 ITR): IN THE CASE OF GOODYEAR INDIA LTD. V. STATE OF HARYANA(1991) 188 ITR 402 (SC) , THIS COURT SAID THAT THE RULE OF REASONABLE CONSTRUCTION MUST BE APPLIED WHILE CONSTRUING A STATUTE. LITERAL CONSTRUCTION SHOULD BE AVOIDED IF IT DEFEATS THE MANIFEST OBJECT AND PURPOSE OF THE ACT. THEREFORE, IN THE WELL - KNOWN WORDS OF JUDGE LEARNED HAND, ONE CANNOT MAKE A FORTRESS OUT OF THE DICTIONARY; AND SHOULD REMEMBER THAT STATUTES HAVE SOME PURPOSE AND OBJECT TO ACCOMPLISH WHOSE SYMPATHETIC AND IMAGINATIVE DISCOVERY IS THE SUREST GUIDE TO THEI R MEANING. IN THE CASE OF R.B. JODHAMAL KUTHIALA V. CIT (1971) 82 ITR 570 (SC) , THIS COURT SAID THAT ONE SHOULD APPLY THE RULE OF REASONABLE INTERPRETATION. A PROVISO WHICH IS INSERTED TO REMEDY UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES AND TO MAKE THE PROVISION WORKABLE, A PROVISO WHICH SUPPLIES AN OBVIOUS OMISSION IN THE SECTION AND IS REQUIRED TO BE READ INTO THE SECTION TO GIVE THE SECTION A REASONABLE INTERPRETATION, REQUIRES TO BE TREATED AS RETROSPECTIVE IN OPERATION SO THAT A REASONABLE INTERPRETATION CAN BE GIVEN TO THE SECTION AS A WHOLE. THIS VIEW HAS BEEN ACCEPTED BY A NUMBER OF HIGH COURTS. IN THE CASE OF CIT V. CHANDULAL VENICHAND, (1994) 209 ITR 7 (GUJ.) , THE GUJARAT HIGH COURT HAS HELD THAT THE FIRST PROVISO TO SECTION 43 - B IS RETROSPECTIVE AND SALES TAX FOR THE LAST QUARTER PAID BEFORE THE FILING OF THE RETURN FOR THE ASSESSMENT YEAR IS DEDUCTIBLE. THIS DECISION DEALS WITH ASSESSMENT YEAR 1985 - 85. THE CALCUTTA PAYAL BUILDERS & ASSOCIATION PVT. LTD. 5 | P A G E HIGH COURT IN THE CASE OF CIT V. SRI JAGANNATH STEEL CORPN.(1991) 191 ITR 676 (CAL.) HAS TAKEN A SIM ILAR VIEW HOLDING THAT THE STATUTORY LIABILITY FOR SALES TAX ACTUALLY DISCHARGED AFTER THE EXPIRY OF THE ACCOUNTING YEAR IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RELEVANT STATUTE IS ENTITLED TO DEDUCTION UNDER SECTION 43 - B. THE HIGH COURT HAS HELD THE AMENDMENT TO BE CLARIF ICATORY AND, THEREFORE, RETROSPECTIVE. THE GUJARAT HIGH COURT IN THE ABOVE CASE HELD THE AMENDMENT TO BE CURATIVE AND EXPLANATORY AND HENCE RETROSPECTIVE. THE PATNA HIGH COURT HAS ALSO HELD THE AMENDMENT INSERTING THE FIRST PROVISO TO BE EXPLANATORY IN THE CASE OF JAMSHEDPUR MOTOR ACCESSORIES STORES V. UNION OF INDIA. (1991) 189 ITR 70 (PATNA) . THE SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION FROM THIS DECISION OF THE PATNA HIGH COURT WAS DISMISSED. THE VIEW OF THE DELHI HIGH COURT, THEREFORE, THAT THE FIRST PROVISO TO SECTION 4 3 - B WILL BE AVAILABLE ONLY PROSPECTIVELY DOES NOT APPEAR TO BE CORRECT. AS OBSERVED BY G.P. SINGH IN HIS PRINCIPLES OF STATUTORY INTERPRETATION, 4TH EDN. AT P. 291: IT IS WELL - SETTLED THAT IF A STATUTE IS CURATIVE OR MERELY DECLARATORY OF THE PREVIOUS LA W RETROSPECTIVE OPERATION IS GENERALLY INTENDED. IN FACT THE AMENDMENT WOULD NOT SERVE ITS OBJECT IN SUCH A SITUATION UNLESS IT IS CONSTRUED AS RETROSPECTIVE. THE VIEW, THEREFORE, TAKEN BY THE DELHI HIGH COURT CANNOT BE SUSTAINED.. SECTION 43B DEALS WI TH STATUTORY DUES AND STIPULATES THAT THE YEAR IN WHICH THE PAYMENT IS MADE THE SAME WOULD BE ALLOWED AS A DEDUCTION EVEN IF THE ASSESSEE IS FOLLOWING THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTANCY. THE PROVISO, HOWEVER, STIPULATES THAT DEDUCTION WOULD BE ALLOWED WH ERE THE STATUTORY DUES COVERED BY SECTION 43B STAND PAID ON OR BEFORE THE DUE DATE OF FILING OF RETURN OF INCOME. SECTION 40(A)(IA) IS APPLICABLE TO CASES WHERE AN ASSESSEE IS REQUIRED TO DEDUCT TAX AT SOURCE AND FAILS TO DEDUCT OR DOES NOT MAKE PAYMENT OF THE TDS BEFORE THE DUE DATE, IN SUCH CASES, NOTWITHSTANDING SECTIONS 30 TO 38 OF THE ACT, DEDUCTION IS TO BE ALLOWED AS AN EXPENDITURE IN THE YEAR OF PAYMENT UNLESS A CASE IS COVERED UNDER THE EXCEPTIONS CARVED OUT. THE AMENDED PROVISO AS INSERTED BY FINA NCE ACT, 2010 STATES WHERE AN ASSESSEE HAS MADE PAYMENT OF THE TDS ON OR BEFORE THE DUE DATE OF FILING OF THE RETURN UNDER SECTION 139(1), THE SUM SHALL BE ALLOWED AS AN EXPENSE IN COMPUTING THE INCOME OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR. THE TWO PROVISIONS ARE AKIN AND THE PROVISOS TO SECTIONS 40(A)(IA) AND 43B ARE TO THE SAME EFFECT AND FOR THE SAME PURPOSE. IN PODAR CEMENT PRIVATE LIMITED (1997) 226 ITR 625(SC) , THE SUPREME COURT CONSIDERED WHETHER TERM OWNER WOULD INCLUDE UNREGISTERED OWNERS WHO HAD PAID SALE CONSI DERATION AND WERE COVERED BY SECTION 53A OF THE TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT. THE CONTENTION OF THE ASSESSEES WAS THAT THE AMENDMENTS MADE TO THE DEFINITION OF TERM OWNER BY FINANCE BILL, 1987 SHOULD BE GIVEN RETROSPECTIVE EFFECT. IT WAS HELD THAT THE AMENDM ENTS WERE RETROSPECTIVE IN NATURE AS THEY RATIONALISE AND CLEAR THE EXISTING AMBIGUITIES AND DOUBTS. REFERENCE WAS MADE TO CRAWFORD: STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION AND PAYAL BUILDERS & ASSOCIATION PVT. LTD. 6 | P A G E THE PRINCIPLE OF DECLARATORY STATUTES, FRANCIS BENNION: STATUTORY INTERPRETATION, JUSTICE G.P. SINGHS PRINCIPLES OF STATUTORY INTERPRETATION, IT WAS OBSERVED THAT SOMETIMES AMENDMENTS ARE MADE TO SUPPLY AN OBVIOUS OMISSION OR TO CLEAR UP DOUBTS AS TO THE MEANING OF THE PREVIOUS PROVISION. THE ISSUE WAS ACCORDINGLY DECIDED HOLDING THAT IN SUC H CASES THE AMENDMENTS WERE RETROSPECTIVE THOUGH IT WAS NOTICED THAT AS PER TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT, REGISTRATION ACT, ETC. A LEGAL OWNER MUST HAVE A REGISTERED DOCUMENT. IN VIEW OF THE AFORESAID DISCUSSION IN PARAS 18,19 AND 20, IT IS APPARENT THAT THE RESPONDENT ASSESSE DID NOT VIOLATE THE UNAMENDED SECTION 40(A)(IA) OF THE ACT. WE HAVE NOTED THE AMBIGUITY AND REFERRED THEIR CONTENTION OF REVENUE AND REJECTED THE INTERPRETATION PLACED BY THEM. THE AMENDED PROVISIONS ARE CLEAR AND FREE FROM ANY AMBIGUITY AND DOUBT. THEY WILL HELP CURTAIL LITIGATION. THE AMENDED PROVISION CLEARLY SUPPORT VIEW TAKEN IN PARAGRAPHS 17 20 THAT THE EXPRESSION SAID DUE DATE USED IN CLAUSE A OF PROVISO TO UNAMENDED SECTION REFERS TO TIME SPECIFIED IN SECTION 139(1) OF THE ACT . THE AMENDED SECTION 40(A)(IA) EXPANDS AND FURTHER LIBERALISES THE STATUE WHEN IT STIPULATES THAT DEDUCTIONS MADE IN THE FIRST ELEVEN MONTHS OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR BUT PAID BEFORE THE DUE DATE OF FILING OF THE RETURN, WILL CONSTITUTE SUFFICIENT COMPLIANCE. 4. ACCORDINGLY, FOLLOWING THE ORDER OF HONBLE DELHI HIGH COURT IN THE CASE OF CIT VS. NARESH KUMAR (SUPRA), WE DO NOT FIND ANY ERROR OR ILLEGALITY IN THE ORDER OF CIT(A) QUA THIS ISSUE. 5 . IN THE RESULT, THE APPEAL FILED BY THE REVENUE IS DISMISSED . ORDER PRONOUCNED IN THE OPEN COURT ON THIS 18 TH DAY OF MARCH 2015 VKNS'K DH ?KKS'K.KK [KQYS U;K;KY; ES FNUKAD 18 EKPZ 2015 DKS DH XBZA SD/ - SD/ - ( RAJENDRA ) (VIJAY PAL RAO) ( ACCOUNTANT MEMBER / YS[KK LNL; ) (JUDICIAL MEMBER/ U;KF;D LNL; ) MUMBAI DATED 18 .03.2015 SKS SR. P.S, PAYAL BUILDERS & ASSOCIATION PVT. LTD. 7 | P A G E COPY TO: 1. THE APPELLANT 2. THE RESPONDENT 3. THE CONCERNED CIT(A) 4. THE CONCERNED CIT 5. THE DR, C BENCH, ITAT, MUMBAI BY ORDER ASSISTANT REGISTRAR INCOME TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL, MUMBAI BENCHES, MUMBAI