CHANDRA PRAKASH AGRAWAL HUF, JAIPUR V. DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CENTRAL CIRCLE-2, JAIPUR

ITA 924/JPR/2019

• Counselvise Citation: [2021] 109 COUNSELVISE.COM (IT) 6614 (ITAT-JAIPUR)
• Duration Of Justice: 1 year(s) 6 month(s) 25 day(s)
• Appeal Type: Income Tax Appeal
• Pronouncement Date: 27-01-2021
• Appeal Filed By: Assessee
• Order Result: Allowed
• Bench Allotted: A
• Assessment Year: 2017-2018
• Appeal Filed On: 02-07-2019
• Result in Favour of: Assessee
• Court: TRIBUNAL
• Department Lawyers: AMRISH BAIDI
• Keywords: Search and seizure; TDS
• Section: 13; 132

Judgement Text

VK;DJ VIHYH; VF/KDJ.K] T;IQJ U;K;IHB] T;IQJ IN THE INCOME TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL, JAIPUR BENC HES A JAIPUR JH LAANHI XKSLKBZ] U;KF;D LNL; ,OA JH FOE FLAG ;KNO] YS[KK LNL; DS LE{K BEFORE: SHRI SANDEEP GOSAIN, JM & SHRI VIKRAM SING H YADAV, AM VK;DJ VIHY LA- @ ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 FU/KZKJ.K O'K Z @ ASSESSMENT YEAR :2017-18 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF 1756, TELIPARA, SMS HIGHWAY, JAIPUR CUKE VS. DCIT, CENTRAL CIRCLE-02, JAIPUR LFKK;H YS[KK LA-@THVKBZVKJ LA-@ PAN/GIR NO.: AACHA9204J VIHYKFKHZ@ APPELLANT IZR;FKHZ@ RESPONDENT FU/KZKFJRH DH VKSJ L S@ ASSESSEE BY : SH. MANISH AGARWAL (CA) JKTLO DH VKSJ LS @ REVENUE BY : SHRI AMRISH BAIDI (CIT) LQUOKBZ DH RKJH[ K@ DATE OF HEARING : 29/10/2020 MN?KKS'K.KK DH RKJH[ K@ DATE OF PRONOUNCEMENT: 27/01/2021 VKNS'K@ ORDER PER: VIKRAM SINGH YADAV, A.M. THIS IS AN APPEAL FILED BY THE ASSESSEE AGAINST THE ORDER OF LD. CIT(A)-4, JAIPUR DATED 10.05.2019 WHEREIN THE ASSESSEE HAS TA KEN THE FOLLOWING GROUND OF APPEAL:- 1. ON FACTS AND IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE MATTER THE LD. CIT(A) HAS ERRED IN UPHOLDING THE ADDITION OF RS. 25,00,000/- MADE BY LD. AO BY ALLEGING THE SAME TO BE UNDISCLOSED ADVANCES MADE B Y THE APPELLANT TO M/S COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP, OVER AND ABOVE THE ADVAN CES SHOWN IN THE BOOKS OF THE APPELLANT, ARBITRARILY WITHOUT CONSIDE RING THE EXPLANATIONS/ CLARIFICATIONS ADDUCED BY THE APPELLANT. APPELLANT PRAYS SUCH ADDITION CONFIRMED MERELY ON BASIS OF SURMISES DESERVES TO B E DELETED. ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 2 1.1 THAT THE LD.CIT(A) HAS FURTHER ERRED IN UPHOLDING T HE SAID ADDITION SOLELY ON THE BASIS OF ANNEXURE 'A' OF EXH IBIT-4 AT PAGE NO. 159 SEIZED DURING SEARCH OPERATION, WHICH WAS A ROUGH N OTING, WITHOUT CONSIDERING THE DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE FILED BY THE A PPELLANT AND WITHOUT BRINGING ANY MATERIAL ON RECORD AGAINST SUCH DOCUME NTARY EVIDENCES FILED. APPELLANT PRAYS SUCH ADDITION CONFIRMED BEIN G UNJUSTIFIED/ UNWARRANTED DESERVE TO BE DELETED. 2. ON FACTS AND IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE MATTER THE LD. CIT(A) HAS GROSSLY ERRED IN UPHOLDING THE ADDITION MADE BY LD. AO BY ESTIMATING INTEREST @ 8% ON THE ALLEGED ADVANCES OF RS. 25 LAC S STATED TO HAVE BEEN EARNED BY THE APPELLANT WITHOUT ANY BASIS OR MATERI AL ON RECORD ON ASSUMPTIONS AND PRESUMPTIONS. APPELLANT PRAYS SUCH ADDITION CONFIRMED BEING IMAGINATIVE AND ARBITRARY DESERVES TO BE DELE TED. 3. ON FACTS AND IN CIRCUMSTANCE OF THE MATTER THE L D. CIT(A) HAS ERRED IN CONFIRMING THE ACTION OF LD. AO IN INVOKIN G THE PROVISIONS OF SEC 115BBE OF THE IT ACT, 1961. 2. BRIEFLY STATED, THE FACTS OF THE CASE ARE THAT A SEARCH AND SEIZURE ACTION U/S 132 OF THE INCOME TAX ACT, 1961 WAS CARRIED OUT ON 28.7.2016 ON THE MEMBERS OF CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL GROUP OF WHICH T HE ASSESSEE HUF IS ALSO ONE OF THE MEMBERS. SUBSEQUENT TO THE SEARCH, RETU RN OF INCOME FOR THE YEAR UNDER APPEAL WAS FILED BY THE ASSESSE DECLARING TOT AL INCOME OF RS.23,24,240/- ON 29.07.2017. THE ASSESSING OFFICER REFERRING TO A HAND WRITTEN SEIZED PAPER IMPOUNDED FROM BUSINESS PREMISES OF M/S GARG JEWELL ERS HELD THAT CASH ADVANCE OF RS 25 LACS WAS ADVANCED BY THE ASSESSEE ON 27.07.2016 AND THE ASSESSEE WAS ASKED TO EXPLAIN THE SOURCE OF SUCH CA SH ADVANCE AND TO GET THE SAME VERIFIED FROM ITS BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS. IN RESPO NSE, THE ASSESSEE FILED ITS ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 3 SUBMISSION STATING THAT THE LOAN OF RS 25 LACS WAS GIVEN TO M/S COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP ON 14.08.2015 WHICH WAS NOT RECEIVED O N 27.07.2016 WHICH REPRESENTS THE TENTATIVE DATE OF REPAYMENT OF LOAN AND IN SUPPORT, COPY OF LEDGER ACCOUNT OF M/S COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP, THE BA NK ACCOUNT REFLECTING THE TRANSACTION AS CONFIRMATION FROM THE SAID PARTY WAS FURNISHED. THE AO DIDNT AGREE TO THE CONTENTION ADVANCED BY THE ASSESSEE AN D HELD THAT THIS TRANSACTION OF CASH LOAN IS DIFFERENT FROM THE EARL IER TRANSACTION MADE THROUGH THE BANKING CHANNEL AND MADE AN ADDITION TOWARDS TH E UNDISCLOSED CASH LOAN OF RS 25 LACS AND ALSO WORKED OUT INTEREST ON SUCH CASH LOAN @ 12% AND MADE A TOTAL ADDITION OF RS 27 LACS WHICH ON APPEAL HAS BEEN CONFIRMED BY THE LD CIT(A). AGAINST THE SAID FINDINGS, THE ASSESSEE IS NOW IN APPEAL BEFORE US. 3. DURING THE COURSE OF HEARING, THE LD. AR SUBMITT ED THAT IN GROUND NO. 1 TO 1.1, THE APPELLANT HAS CHALLENGED THE ACTION OF LD. CIT(A) IN UPHOLDING THE ADDITION OF RS.25,00,000/- MADE BY LD. AO BY ALLEGI NG THE SAME TO BE UNDISCLOSED CASH LOANS ADVANCED BY THE ASSESSE, WIT HOUT BRINGING ANY EVIDENCE ON RECORD AND BY IGNORING THE SUBMISSIONS MADE BY T HE ASSESSEE BY SOLELY RELYING ON THE UNFOUNDED OBSERVATIONS OF LD. AO. 4. IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT THE ASSESSEE HAD DURING BO TH THE ASSESSMENT AS WELL AS APPELLATE PROCEEDINGS PLACED ON RECORD VARI OUS DOCUMENTS/ EVIDENCES TO PROVE THAT THE IMPUGNED PAPER/DOCUMENT WAS A ROU GH PAPER ON WHICH ONLY MEMORANDUM NOTINGS WERE MADE FOR THE SAKE OF MEMORY AND TO TAKE CONTROL OVER THE AMOUNT FINANCED BY VARIOUS FAMILY MEMBERS, APPARENTLY FOR ADMINISTRATIVE PURPOSES. DURING THE COURSE OF ASSES SMENT PROCEEDINGS, AS EXPLAINED ABOVE, IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT THIS PAGE CO NTAINS THE DETAILS OF TOTAL AMOUNT ADVANCED BY VARIOUS FAMILY MEMBERS, REFERENC E OF BROKERS, AMOUNT ADVANCED, PERSON TO WHOM ADVANCED AND THE PERSON WH O HAS MADE THE ADVANCE AND IN WHOSE BOOKS THE SAME WAS RECORDED, W ERE NOTED. THE DATES ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 4 STATED THEREIN ARE THE PROBABLE DATE OF REPAYMENT / DATE OF ADVANCE / DUE DATE OF INTEREST PAYMENT. AS THE SAME WAS PREPARED FOR M EMORANDA PURPOSE, THUS THE DATES MENTIONED THEREIN WERE BASED ON THE MEMOR Y OF THE PERSON WHO NOTED THE SAME. IN SUPPORT OF THE CONTENTION THAT T HEY ARE RECORDED IN THE REGULAR BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS, ASSESSEE FILED THE COPIE S OF LEDGER ACCOUNTS OF THE PARTY, BANK STATEMENTS OF THE ASSESSEE SHOWING ADVA NCING OF LOAN VIA BANKING CHANNEL, RECEIPT OF INTEREST ON SUCH LOANS AFTER DU E DEDUCTION OF TDS ETC. FURTHER, THE ASSESSEE HAD PLACED ON RECORD VARIOUS DOCUMENTS BEFORE LD. AO AND LD. CIT(A) TO COUNTER THE FINDING OF THE LD. AO ALLEGING THE IMPUGNED LOAN TO BE UNDISCLOSED CASH LOAN ADVANCED BY THE ASSESSE E. 5. IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT THE IMPOUNDED PAPER CONSI STS OF DETAILS OF VARIOUS LOANS ADVANCED THROUGH BANKING CHANNEL BY THE ASSES SEE AND THE OTHER MEMBERS OF THE GROUPS TO VARIOUS PEOPLE THROUGH FIN ANCE BROKERS. IN THE SAID PAPER FIRST COLUMN IS THE AMOUNT ADVANCED FOLLOWED BY THE NAME OF BORROWER. THEREAFTER AGAINST THE NAMES OF BORROWERS CERTAIN D ATES HAVE BEEN NOTED THAT DENOTE EITHER THE DATE OF ADVANCING THE LOAN OR THE TENTATIVE DATE OF REPAYMENT OF SUCH ADVANCES OR THE DATE OF PAYMENT O F PERIODIC INTEREST. THE DETAILS OF ALL LOANS WHICH WERE ADVANCED AND THE ON ES THAT WERE DUE FOR REPAYMENT DURING A PARTICULAR PERIOD AROUND THE DAY ON WHICH SUCH PAPER WAS MADE WERE NOTED ON SUCH PAPER IN ORDER TO ESTIMATE THE AMOUNT THAT WAS LOANED IN THE MARKET ON A PARTICULAR DAY (ON WHICH SUCH DETAILS WERE NOTED). IT IS REITERATED THAT THE IMPUGNED PAPER WAS A ROUGH P APER MEANT ONLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF EASY ACCOUNTING AND KEEPING THE LOAN PAR TICULARS IN MEMORY FOR PROPER ADMINISTRATION. THE LD. AO ON HIS PRESUMPTIO NS THAT ARE WITHOUT ANY LOGICAL BASIS OR MATERIAL EVIDENCE HAS ASSUMED SUCH DATES MENTIONED AGAINST THE NAMES OF VARIOUS PERSONS ARE THE DATES ON WHICH THE LOANS ARE ADVANCED TO SUCH PERSONS. ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 5 6. IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT SUCH ASSUMPTION OF THE LD . AO SUFFERS FROM BOTH FACTUAL AND LOGICAL DEFICIENCY IN SO MUCH AS TO THE FACT THAT SOME OF THE DATES MENTIONED ON THIS PAGE ARE IN FACT FUTURE DATES I.E . DATES FALLING AFTER THE DATE ON WHICH SEARCH OPERATION WAS CARRIED OUT BY THE DE PARTMENT DURING WHICH THE SAID PAPER WAS FOUND AND SEIZED. FOR INSTANCE, THE DATE MENTIONED AGAINST A LOAN ADVANCED BY JITENDRA KUAMR AGARWAL (HUF) TO SH RI RAM ENTERPRISES IS 25.08.2016 WHICH IS PRESUMED AS THE DATE OF ADVAN CE BY LD. AO WHEREAS THE DATE OF SEARCH IS 28.07.2016. THE OTHER FUTURE DA TES MENTIONED ON THE IMPUGNED PAGE ARE 13/08/16 AND 10/08/16. NOW PRESUM ING THESE FUTURE DATES MENTIONED ON THE PAPER AS THE DATE ON WHICH PARTICU LAR ADVANCED WAS MADE IN CASH, IS BEYOND ANY COMPREHENSION. IT ONLY SHOWS TH AT LD. AO WAS BENT UPON IN TREATING SUCH ADVANCE TO BE GIVEN IN CASH OUT OF UNACCOUNTED SOURCES AND MAKING ADDITION, DESPITE THE FACT THAT THESE ADVANC ES ARE FROM REGULAR BANKING CHANNEL AND DULY RECORDED IN THE RETURNS FILED. THE IRONY OF ARBITRARINESS OF THE DEPARTMENT COULD ALSO BE SEEN FROM THE ACTION OF AO WHO NOT ONLY ALLEGED THE SAID TRANSACTION AS UNRECORDED CASH ADVANCE BUT HAD GONE ONE STEP FURTHER AND MADE THE ADDITIONS OF THE AMOUNT STATED AGAINST SUCH FUTURE DATES IN THE HANDS OF RESPECTIVE LENDERS WHO ARE THE MEMBERS OF THE APPELLANT HUF. 7. IT WAS FURTHER SUBMITTED THAT THE DATE 27/07/16 IS MENTIONED AGAINST AS MANY AS 8 PARTIES AND IF THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE LD. AO IS APPLIED TO THE IMPUGNED PAPER IT WOULD LEAD TO CONCLUSION THAT CRO RES OF RUPEES WAS ADVANCED BY THE GROUP TO WHICH THE ASSESSEE BELONGS ON A SINGLE DAY. ADVANCING SUCH HUGE AMOUNT OF LOAN BY DIFFERENT MEM BERS OF THE SAME FAMILY/ GROUP IN A SINGLE DAY THAT TOO IN CASH IS PRACTICAL LY IMPOSSIBLE. MOREOVER, IN NORMAL COURSE WHENEVER ANY ADVANCE IS MADE IN CASH BY SOME GROUP ONLY THE NAME OF BORROWER IS NOTED AND NO SANE PERSON WOULD RECORD THE DIFFERENT NAMES OF THE FAMILY MEMBERS AS LENDER. THIS CLEARLY SHOWS THAT THE AMOUNT WERE DULY RECORDED IN THE BOOKS OF RESPECTIVE FAMIL Y MEMBERS WHOSE NAME IS ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 6 APPEARING AS LENDER. A SHEET IS ENCLOSED WITH THIS WRITTEN SUBMISSION AT PAGE 11 WHEREIN ALL ENTRIES APPEARING ON THE SAID PAPER ARE VERBATIM COPIED AND AT THE LAST ONE COLUMN IS ADDED TITLED AS REMARKS WH EREIN THE DATE OF REPAYMENT OF LOAN / PERIODIC INTEREST IS MENTIONED. FROM THE PERUSAL OF THE SAME YOUR HONORS WOULD APPRECIATE THE FACT THAT ALL THE DATES ARE VERY NEAR TO THE DATE MENTIONED ON THE PAPER IMPOUNDED (NOT MORE THAN 8 D AYS) AND SINCE THE SEARCH WAS COMMENCED ON 28.7.2016, THE BROKERS COUL D NOT CONTACT THE ASSESSEE TO DELIVER THE CHEQUES TOWARDS PAYMENT OF INTEREST / REPAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL AMOUNT AND WHEN SEARCH WAS CONCLUDED THEY HAVE VISITED THE ASSESSEE AND HANDED OVER THE CHEQUES OF INTEREST/ R EPAYMENT. THIS ALSO SUPPORTS THE CONTENTION OF THE ASSESSEE THAT THE DA TES STATED IN THE IMPOUNDED DOCUMENT ARE THE DATES OF REPAYMENT/ PERIODIC INTER EST. 8. IT WAS FURTHER SUBMITTED THAT THE LD. AO BASED O N CERTAIN ENTRIES PERTAINING TO GROUP MEMBERS NAMELY SMT. POOJA AGARW AL AND SH. CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL (INDIVIDUAL) (WHOSE NAMES WERE ALSO FOUND NOTED ON SUCH PAPER) CONCLUDED THAT THE DATES MENTIONED ARE DATE OF ADVANCING THE LOAN. IN THIS REGARD, IT WAS EXPLAINED TO THE LD. AO THAT IN JAIPUR WHERE PRIVATE FINANCE IS MADE THROUGH FINANCE BROKERS, IT IS GENERAL PRAC TICE THAT INITIAL TERM OF LOAN IS FOR 2 MONTHS AND AT THE EXPIRY OF THE SAME EITHER T HE LOAN IS REPAID OR AFTER PAYMENT OF INTEREST THE SAME IS ROLLED OVER FOR FUR THER PERIOD. IN SUCH CASE THE DATE MENTIONED WAS MATCHING WITH THE DATE OF ADVANC ING OF THE LOAN. FURTHER LD.AO OBSERVED THAT PAPER SHOULD BE READ AS A WHOLE BUT HE HIMSELF HAS IGNORED THAT PART WHICH IS NOT FAVOURING TO HIM. IN THIS REGARD, KIND ATTENTION OF THE HONBLE BENCH IS INVITED TO THIRD TO FIFTH ENTR Y FROM THE TOP OF THE SAID PAPER WHERE BEFORE THE DATE, THE WORD DUE DATE IS CLEAR LY MENTIONED. UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES THE CONTENTION OF THE ASSESSE IS FORT IFIED THAT THE DATES NOTED ARE THE DATES ON WHICH TENTATIVE REPAYMENT OF THE LOANS ALREADY ADVANCED WAS EXPECTED OR WHEN THE ROLLOVER OF ADVANCE OR INTERES T IS PAYABLE. IT IS FURTHER ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 7 EMPHASIZED, THAT THE DATES OF REPAYMENT WERE ONLY P ROBABLE DATES ON WHICH THE LOANS MAY BE REPAID BY THE PARTIES AS PER PREVA ILING MARKET SYSTEM OF ADVANCING THE MONEY. HOWEVER, GENERALLY THE REPAYME NT OF SUCH UNSECURED LOANS SO ADVANCED IS EXTENDED ON THE REQUEST OF THE PARTIES AND THE INTEREST CYCLE KEEPS ROLLING. 9. IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT APPLICATION OF LD. AOS TH EORY WOULD RESULT IN VAGUE INTERPRETATION OF A PAGE THAT WAS NOTHING BUT A ROU GH PAPER PREPARED FOR MEMORANDA PURPOSE AND ALL THE ENTRIES FOUND NOTED W ERE DULY RECORDED IN THE BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS OF RESPECTIVE PERSON. FURTHER, IT IS NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE BY ANY STRETCH OF IMAGINATION TO IMPLY THAT A PERSON MIGHT HAVE NOTED DOWN FUTURE DATES ON WHICH IT MIGHT ADVANCE LOAN THAT TOO IN CA SH THROUGH A PARTICULAR BROKER AND ALSO NOTED THE SPECIFIC NAME OF THE FAMI LY MEMBER AS A LENDER DESPITE THE WELL KNOWN FACT IF ANY UNACCOUNTED CASH ADVANCES ARE GIVEN THEN THEY WOULD BE GIVEN BY THE GROUP / FAMILY AS A WHOL E AND ON SUCH CASE SPECIFIC NAME OF FAMILY MEMBER WOULD NEVER BE WRITTEN. 10. FURTHER, THE LD. AO HAS ALSO ASSUMED THAT THESE LOANS HAVE BEEN ADVANCED BY THE ASSESSE IN CASH AND ARE DIFFERENT A ND DISTINCT FROM THE ONES REFLECTED IN THE BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS OF THE ASSESSEE EVEN THOUGH THE SAME AMOUNT OF ADVANCE IS DULY REFLECTED IN BOOKS OF ACC OUNTS. IN THIS REGARD, IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT SUCH OBSERVATIONS OF THE LD. AO ARE MERELY HIS ASSUMPTIONS AND PRESUMPTIONS MADE PURELY ON SUSPICION THAT AGAIN LA CK FACTUAL AND LOGICAL SUPPORT WITH ANY MATERIAL FOUND AS A RESULT OF SEAR CH. ON THE CONTRARY, THE CLAIM OF THE ASSESSE IS CLEARLY BACKED BY BOTH DOCU MENTARY AND CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCES. 11. IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT THE LOAN OF RS. 25,00,000 /- ADVANCED BY THE ASSESSEE TO COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP HAS BEEN GIVEN VI A BANKING CHANNEL ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 8 (RTGS) THROUGH THE REGULAR BANK ACCOUNT OF THE ASSE SSEE. FURTHER, THE INTEREST OF SUCH LOAN HAVE BEEN RECORDED IN THE BOOKS OF ACC OUNTS ON ACCRUAL BASIS AND OFFERED FOR TAXATION IN THE RETURN OF INCOME YEAR O N YEAR. SUCH INTEREST INCOME HAS ALSO BEEN RECEIVED BY THE ASSESSEE VIA BANKING CHANNEL AND AFTER DUE DEDUCTION OF TDS ON THE SAME. FURTHER, THERE IS NO EVIDENCE OF ANY OTHER CASH LOAN BEING ADVANCED BY THE ASSESSEE OVER AND ABOVE THE IMPUGNED LOAN OF RS. 25 LACS AS REFLECTED IN THE BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS THAT HAS BEEN BROUGHT ON RECORD OR BEEN RELIED UPON BY THE LD. AO. THE CONCLUSIONS DRAWN BY THE LD. AO ARE MERELY BASED ON SUSPICION AND SURMISES AND WITHOUT ANY COGENT MATERIAL TO SHOW THAT THE ASSESSE HAS IN FACT ADVANCED AN EQUIV ALENT AMOUNT OF LOAN IN CASH TO COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP. FURTHER, IT IS AN ES TABLISHED FACT THAT IN JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS, SUSPICION HOWSOEVER STRONG CANNOT TAKE THE PLACE OF MATERIAL/ EVIDENCE AVAILABLE ON RECORD. MOREOVER NO EFFORT WH ATSOEVER WAS EVER MADE TO VERIFY THE SAME WITH THE OPPOSITE PARTY NOR ANY ACT ION IS TAKEN IN THOSE CASE. 12. RELIANCE WAS PLACED ON DECISION OF THE SPECIAL BENCH OF MUMBAI ITAT IN THE CASE OF ITO VS. M/S. GTC INDUSTRIES LIMITED TOB ACCO HOUSE REPORTED IN 164 ITD 1 WHERE THE HONBLE SPECIAL BENCH OF ITAT AFTER CONSIDERING ALL THE ASPECTS OF PREPONDERANCE OF HUMAN PROBABILITIES AND OTHER ISSUES HAS HELD THAT : 46. .. IT IS QUITE A TRITE LAW THAT SUSPICION HOW SO EVER STRONG MAY BE BUT CANNOT BE THE BASIS OF ADDITION EXCEPT FOR SOME MATERIAL EVIDENCE ON RECORD. THE THEORY OF PREPONDERANCE OF PROBABILITY IS APPLIED TO WEIGH THE EVIDENCES OF EITHER SIDE AND DRAW A CONCLUSION IN FAVOUR OF A PARTY WHICH HAS MORE FAVOURABLE FACTORS IN HIS SIDE. THE CONCLUSIONS HAVE TO BE DRAWN ON THE BASIS OF CERTAIN ADMITTED FACTS AND MATERIALS AND NOT ON THE BASIS OF PRESUMPTION OF FACTS THAT MIGHT GO AGA INST ASSESSEE. ONCE NOTHING HAS BEEN PROVED AGAINST THE ASSESSEE WITH A ID OF ANY DIRECT ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 9 MATERIAL ESPECIALLY WHEN VARIOUS ROUNDS OF INVESTIG ATION HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT, THEN NOTHING CAN BE IMPLICATED AGAINST THE ASSESSEE. 13. RELIANCE WAS ALSO PLACED ON THE DECISION OF THE DELHI BENCH OF THE TRIBUNAL IN THE CASE OF NESTLE INDIA LTD. VS DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX (2007) 111 TTJ DELHI 498 WHEREIN THE HONBLE BE NCH DELETED THE DISALLOWANCE MADE BY THE AO ON THE BASIS OF ASSUMPT IONS/ SUSPICIONS. 14. IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT IT IS SETTLED POSITION OF LAW THAT ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE ACT, BEING QUASI-JUDICIAL PRO CEEDINGS, THE ASSESSMENT OF ANY PARTICULAR YEAR MUST BE BASED NOT ON MERE SUSPI CION, BARE GUESS AND PROBABILITIES BUT ON LEGITIMATE MATERIAL FROM WHICH REASONABLE INFERENCE OF INCOME HAVING BEEN EARNED/INVESTMENT MADE DURING TH E ACCOUNTING YEAR COULD BE DRAWN AND THAT THE INITIAL BURDEN OF FINDING SUC H MATERIAL, HOWEVER, SLIGHT, IS ON THE INCOME TAX AUTHORITIES AND NOT ON THE ASSESS EE (BANSIDHAR ONKARMALL V. CIT, (1953) 23 ITR 353. 361 (ORISSA). 15. IT WAS ACCORDINGLY SUBMITTED THAT LOAN OF RS. 2 5.00 LACS MADE TO COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP WAS ADVANCED BY THE ASSESSEE ON 14/08/2015 THROUGH REGULAR BANKING CHANNEL. THE ASSESSEE HAS DULY RECO RDED INTEREST RECEIVABLE ON SUCH LOAN IN THE BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS AND OFFERED THE SAME FOR TAXATION. THE INTEREST INCOME WAS RECEIVED IN THE REGULAR BANK AC COUNT OF THE ASSESSEE AFTER DUE TDS. THE DATE MENTIONED IN THE PAPER ALSO CONTA INED CERTAIN DATES WHICH ARE SUBSEQUENT TO DATE OF SEARCH FOR WHICH ALSO THE LD. AO ALLEGED THAT ON THESE DATES CASH ADVANCE MIGHT HAVE BEEN MADE BY TH E RESPECTIVE INDIVIDUAL, WHICH IS AN IMPOSSIBLE PROPOSITION MADE BY LD. AO. ON THE PAPER ITSELF THE WORD DUE DATE IS MENTIONED WHICH IS DELIBERATELY IGNORED BY THE LD. AO. NO EVIDENCE / MATERIAL WAS FOUND AS A RESULT OF SEARCH OR BROUGHT ON RECORD TO SUPPORT THE ALLEGATION THAT THESE ENTRIES ARE CASH ADVANCED BY THE MEMBERS OF ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 10 THE APPELLANT HUF. WITH THE ABOVE, IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT THE IMPUGNED PAPER FOUND DURING THE COURSE OF SEARCH WAS MERELY A ROUG H PAPER HAVING ROUGH OR MEMORANDUM RECORD OF ENTRIES OF ADVANCES GIVEN BY V ARIOUS ENTITIES OF THE GROUP DULY REFLECTED IN THEIR RESPECTIVE BOOKS OF A CCOUNTS AND THESE WERE LOOSELY MENTIONED HERE BY MEMORY FOR THE PURPOSE OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL AND PLANNING. FURTHER, COMING TO THE SPECIFIC ENTRY IN RESPECT OF WHICH ADDITION OF RS.25,00,000/- HAS BEEN MADE BY THE LD. AO, IT I S VERY MUCH EVIDENT FROM THE SUBMISSIONS MADE ALONGWITH EVIDENCE FURNISHED B EFORE LD. AO THAT SAME IS DULY RECORDED IN THE REGULAR BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS OF T HE ASSESSEE AND THEREFORE NO SEPARATE ADDITION IN THIS REGARDS IS WARRANTED I N CIRCUMSTANCES. UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES, IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT THE ORDERS OF THE LD. AO AND LD. CIT(A) ARE FORMED WITH A PRE-DETERMINED CONCLUSION DRAWN WITHO UT CONTROVERTING OR BRINGING ANYTHING ON RECORD TO SHOW THAT THE DOCUME NTARY EVIDENCES SUBMITTED BY THE ASSESSEE WERE NON-GENUINE. 16. REGARDING GROUND NO. 2, DURING THE COURSE OF HE ARING, THE LD. AR SUBMITTED THAT UNDER THIS GROUND OF APPEAL, THE APP ELLANT HAS CHALLENGED THE ACTION OF THE LD. AO OF ARBITRARILY ASSUMING THAT T HE ASSESSEE HAS RECEIVED INTEREST @ RE.1 PER HUNDRED PER MONTH ON THE LOANS ALLEGED AS BEING ADVANCED IN CASH AND FURTHER NOT RECORDED SUCH INTEREST IN T HE BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS. 17. IN THIS REGARD, IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT THE AO F URTHER ON HIS OWN ASSUMPTIONS ALLEGED THAT THE ASSESSEE HAS ALSO EARN ED INTEREST ON THE SAME WHICH HAS NOT BEEN RECORDED IN THE BOOKS OF ACCOUNT . SINCE THE ASSESSEE HAS CHARGE INTEREST RATE @ RS. 1.25 PER HUNDRED PER MON TH IN RESPECT OF THE LOAN ADVANCED THROUGH CHEQUE. HENCE THE INTEREST RATE FO R CASH LOAN WOULD BE REASONABLE AT @ RS. 1.00 PER HUNDRED PER MONTH CONS IDERING THE FACT THAT CASH LOAN ARE BEING ADVANCED AT LOWER RATE COMPARE TO TH E RATE APPLIED ON LOAN THROUGH CHEQUE. ACCORDINGLY, THE INTEREST FOR 8 MON TH FROM 27-07-2016 TO 31- ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 11 03-2017 IS COMPUTED AT RS. 2,00,000/- WHICH IS ADDE D BACK TO THE TOTAL INCOME OF THE ASSESSEE AS UNDISCLOSED INTEREST INCOME WHIC H HAS RESULTED INTO TOTAL ADDITION OF RS. 27,00,000/- (25,00,000/- PLUS RS. 2 ,00,000/-). IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT THIS GROUND IS CONSEQUENTIAL IN NATURE AS THE SAME IS DEPENDENT ON THE ADDITION BEING MADE IN RESPECT OF CASH LOAN OF RS.2 5,00,000/- ALLEGED TO HAVING BEING ADVANCED IN CASH. 18. ON MERITS, IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT THE INTEREST I NCOME RECEIVED FROM THE LOAN ADVANCED BY THE ASSESSEE TO COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP HAS DULY BEEN RECORDED IN THE BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS OF THE ASSESSEE A ND HAS BEEN OFFERED FOR TAXATION. THE SAME IS CLEARLY EVIDENT FROM FORM 26A S FOR AY 2017-18 WHICH REFLECTS THE AMOUNT OF INTEREST PAID BY COLUMBUS OV ERSEAS LLP TO THE ASSESSEE AFTER DUE DEDUCTION OF TDS ON THE SAME. DURING THE YEAR UNDER CONSIDERATION, THE ASSESSEE HAD RECEIVED AN INTEREST OF RS.379,062 /-FROM COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP WHICH IS FORMING PART OF THE TOTAL INTEREST OF RS.23,24,276/- DECLARED UNDER THE HEAD INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES. THEREFORE, THE ASSUMPTION OF THE LD. AO THAT THE ASSESSEE HAS EARNED AND RECEIVED INTEREST @ RE.1 PER HUNDRED PER MONTH OVER AND ABOVE IT IS WITHOUT ANY BASIS AND SO LELY BASED ON ASSUMPTIONS AND PRESUMPTION. 19. IT WAS FURTHER SUBMITTED THAT NO CROSS INQUIRY OR ACTION HAS BEEN INITIATED BY THE LD. AO AGAINST COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP. THE AS SESSEE SUBMITS THAT THE LD. AO HAD ON RECORD THE DETAILS OF TAX DEDUCTED BY COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP IN CASE OF THE ASSESSEE WHICH CLEARLY MENTIONS THE TAN OF THE PARTY. THE LD. AO FROM THE TAN OF THE PARTY COULD HAVE INITIATED PROC EEDINGS AGAINST IT IN RESPECT OF RECEIPT OF ALLEGED CASH LOANS AND ALLEGED PAYMEN T OF INTEREST IN CASH. HOWEVER, WHERE NO SUCH ACTION OR INQUIRY HAS BEEN C ONDUCTED BY THE LD. AO, ADDITION IN CASE OF THE PRESENT ASSESSEE SOLELY ON THE BASIS OF ASSUMPTION CANNOT BE UPHELD. ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 12 20. REGARDING GROUND NO. 3, THE LD. AR SUBMITTED T HAT IN THIS GROUND, THE ASSESSEE HAS CHALLENGED THE ACTION OF LD. AO IN INV OKING THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 115BBE. IN THIS REGARD, IT WAS SUBMITTED T HAT SINCE THE SAID AMOUNT OF RS. 25.00 LACS WAS DULY RECORDED IN THE BOOKS OF AC COUNTS OF THE ASSESSEE AND DETAILED SUBMISSION ON THE SAME IS MADE IN GROUND N O. 1, THEREFORE, IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT THE ACTION OF LD. AO IN INVOKING THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 115BBE IS TOTALLY MISPLACED AND DESERVES TO BE HELD AS BAD IN LAW. 21. PER CONTRA, THE LD DR SUBMITTED THAT THE ASSESS EE HAS MADE TWO DIFFERENT TYPE OF TRANSACTION WITH M/S COLUMBUS OVE RSEAS LLP. THE FIRST TRANSACTION OF RS. 25,00,000/- WAS MADE THROUGH BAN KING CHANNEL ON 14.08.2015 AND SECOND TRANSACTION WAS MADE IN CASH WHICH WAS NOT RECORDED IN BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS. HENCE, THE LOAN OF RS. 25,00, 000/- MENTIONED IN AFORESAID PAPER IS DIFFERENT FROM THE LOAN OF RS. 2 5,00,000/- WHICH WAS ADVANCE TO M/S COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP ON 14.08.2015. THIS FACT ALSO VERIFIED FROM THE PERUSAL OF LEDGER ACCOUNT OF THE COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP WHEREIN THE LOAN OF RS. 25,00,000/- IS STILL OUTSTANDING AS ON 01-12-2017 WHICH IS AGAIN CONTRARY TO THE CLAIM OF THE ASSESSEE THAT DATE MEN TIONED ON IMPOUNDED PAPER I.E. 27-07-2016 IS TENTATIVE DATE OF REPAYMENT. IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT THE CLAIM OF THE ASSESSEE THAT THE TRANSACTION OF RS. 25,00,0 00/- DATED 27-07-2016 IS PERTAINS TO THE TENTATIVE DATE OF REPAYMENT OF LOAN BY M/S COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP IS CONTRARY TO THE FINDING IN CASE OF SMT. POOJ A AGARWAL WHOSE NAME ALSO MENTIONED IN THE AFORESAID PAPER. IN THE CASE OF SM T. POOJA AGARWAL/GARG THE DATE ON THE AFORESAID PAPER HAS BEEN MENTIONED AS 2 5-07-2016 AND IN THE REGULAR BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS IT IS FOUND THAT THE LOAN WAS GIVEN ON 25-07-2016 ITSELF. FURTHER IN ANOTHER CASE OF SHRI CHANDRA PRA KASH AGARWAL THE DATE OF LOAN OF RS. 5,00,000/- AND 30,00,000/- ADVANCE TO KANHA DEVI AND PRATEEK KOTHARI RESPECTIVELY HAS BEEN MENTIONED 03-11-2015 AND 29-0 6-2016 RESPECTIVELY AND ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 13 IN THE REGULAR BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS IT IS FOUND THAT T HE LOAN WAS GIVEN ON THESE DATES ITSELF. HENCE THE DATE MENTIONED ON THE PAPER ARE NOT THE DATES OF REPAYMENT OF LOAN BUT IT REPRESENT THE DATE ON WHIC H THE LOAN WAS ADVANCED. SINCE, IN CASE OF SMT. POOJA AGARWAL AND SHRI CHAND RA PRAKASH AGARWAL IT HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED THAT THE DATE MENTIONED AGAINST TH E LOAN AMOUNT IN THE IMPOUNDED PAPER IS THE DATE OF LOAN ADVANCED TO THE PERSON WHOSE NAME HAS BEEN MENTIONED IN THE PAPER ITSELF WITH LOAN AMOUNT . HENCE THE DATE IN OTHER CASE INCLUDING ASSESSEE ITSELF, IT CANNOT BE PRESUM ED TO BE DATE OF REPAYMENT OF LOAN. IT WAS ACCORDINGLY SUBMITTED THAT FROM THE ABOVE MODUS OPERANDI BY THE ASSESSEE, IT IS REVEALED THAT THE ASSESSEE ADVA NCES THE LOAN IN CHEQUE AS WELL AS IN CASH IN SAME AMOUNT TO A SAME PERSON SO THAT THE CASH AMOUNT ADVANCED CAN BE HIDE BY SIMILAR LOAN MADE THROUGH C HEQUE TO DUPE THE DEPARTMENT. IT WAS ACCORDINGLY SUBMITTED THAT AMOUN T OF RS 25 LACS WAS BROUGHT TO TAX AS UNDISCLOSED INCOME OF THE ASSESSE E AS THE SAME IS DIFFERENT FROM THE LOAN RECORDED IN THE BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS. F URTHER, ON SUCH CASH LOAN ADVANCED BY THE ASSESSEE, THE AO HAS DETERMINED INT EREST FOR 8 MONTH FROM 27-07-2016 TO 31-03-2017 COMPUTED @ 12 % PER ANNUM AT RS. 2,00,000/-. HE ACCORDINGLY SUPPORTED THE FINDINGS OF THE AO AND THAT OF THE LD CIT(A) WHO HAS CONFIRMED THE SAME. 22. WE HAVE HEARD THE RIVAL SUBMISSIONS AND PURUSE D THE MATERIAL AVAILABLE ON RECORD. THE CASE OF THE REVENUE IS THAT THE ASSE SSEE HAS MADE TWO DIFFERENT TYPE OF TRANSACTIONS WITH M/S COLUMBUS OV ERSEAS LLP. THE FIRST TRANSACTION OF RS. 25,00,000/- WAS MADE THROUGH BAN KING CHANNEL ON 14.08.2015 AND SECOND TRANSACTION WAS MADE IN CASH WHICH WAS NOT RECORDED IN BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS. HENCE, THE CASH LOAN OF RS. 2 5,00,000/- MENTIONED IN THE PAPER SEIZED DURING THE COURSE OF SEARCH IS DIFFERE NT FROM THE LOAN OF RS. 25,00,000/- WHICH WAS ADVANCE TO M/S COLUMBUS O VERSEAS LLP THROUGH BANKING CHANNEL ON 14.08.2015 AND RECORDED IN ITS B OOKS OF ACCOUNT. THE CASE ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 14 OF THE ASSESSEE HOWEVER IS THAT IT IS THE SAME LOAN TRANSACTION DULY REFLECTED IN ITS BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS ON 14.08.2015 AND THE DATE OF 27.07.2016 IS MENTIONED AS THE TENTATIVE DATE OF REPAYMENT OF THE SAID LOAN AND THE SAME HAS SUBSEQUENTLY BEEN ROLLED OVER FOR FURTHER PERIOD ON RECEIPT OF INTEREST WHICH HAS BEEN DULY ACCOUNTED FOR AND TDS REFLECTED THERE ON. THE REVENUE HAS BASED ITS CONCLUSION ON ANALYZING TWO OTHER ENTRIES IN THE SAME SEIZED PAPER RELATING TO POOJA AGARWAL AND CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARW AL AND FOUND THAT THE DATES MENTIONED IN THE SEIZED PAPER REFLECTS THE DA TE OF ADVANCEMENT OF LOAN AND WHICH ALSO MATCHES WITH THE RESPECTIVE ASSESSEE S BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS AND THUS, OTHER ENTRIES IN THE SAID SEIZED PAPER ALSO R ELATES TO ADVANCEMENT OF LOAN AND NOT THE DATE OF REPAYMENT OR TENTATIVE DATE OF REPAYMENT OF LOAN. THE ASSESSEE HAS HOWEVER SUBMITTED THAT THE SEIZED PAPE RS CONTAINS IN TOTAL 18 ENTRIES AND WHERE OTHER ENTRIES ARE ALSO ANALYZED, IT WOULD BE CLEAR THAT A GENERAL ANALOGY CANNOT BE DRAWN THAT ALL SUCH ENTRI ES RELATES TO DATE OF ADVANCEMENT OF LOAN RATHER EACH ENTRIES NEED TO BE LOOK INTO GIVEN ITS PECULIARITY AND SPECIFICS OF THE TRANSACTION. OUR REFERENCE WAS DRAWN TO ENTRY DATED 13.08.2016 RELATING TO RAJENDRA KUMAR BARDIYA , ENTRY DATED 25.08.2016 RELATING TO SHRI RAM ENTERPRISES AND ENTRY DATED 10 .08.2016 RELATING TO LEADING INFRASTRUCTURE AND IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED ON 28.07.2016 AND THEREFORE, DATE OF THESE ENTRIES CANNOT BY ANY STRETCH OF IMAGINATION BE TAKEN AS DATE OF ADVANCEMENT OF LOAN. SIMILARLY, O UR REFERENCE WAS DRAWN TO EIGHT OTHER ENTRIES RELATING TO VARIOUS PERSONS ALL DATED 27.07.2016 AND IT WAS SUBMITTED THAT GIVEN THE AMOUNT SO STATED IN THESE ENTRIES, ALL THESE TRANSACTIONS CANNOT BE STATED TO BE UNDERTAKEN ON A SINGLE DAY. WE FIND FORCE IN THE CONTENTIONS SO ADVANCED BY THE LD AR THAT EA CH OF THE ENTRIES REFLECT INDIVIDUAL TRANSACTIONS WITH EITHER DATE OF ADVANCE MENT OR REPAYMENT OR TENTATIVE DATE OF REPAYMENT AND THEREFORE, A GENERA LIZED CONCLUSION CANNOT BE DRAWN BASIS REVIEW OF JUST TWO ENTRIES WHERE OTHER ENTRIES APPLYING SAME HYPOTHESIS WILL GIVE A VERY INCOMPREHENSIBLE CONCLU SION. GIVEN THAT THERE IS NO ITA NO. 924/JP/2019 CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR VS. DCIT, JAIPU R 15 OTHER CORROBORATIVE EVIDENCE ON RECORD THAT THE ASS ESSEE HAS ADVANCED SUCH AMOUNT DURING THE YEAR UNDER CONSIDERATION, MERELY BASIS THE READING AND ANALYSIS OF THE SEIZED DOCUMENT AS A WHOLE, IT CANN OT BE HELD THAT THE ASSESSEE HAS ENTERED INTO A FRESH AND DIFFERENT TRANSACTION WITH M/S COLUMBUS OVERSEAS LLP, OTHER THAN THE ONE WHICH IS DULY RECORDED IN I TS BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS. THUS, THE ADDITION OF RS 25 LACS AND CONSEQUENT ADDITION OF INTEREST OF RS 2 LACS IS HEREBY DIRECTED TO BE DELETED. IN THE RESULT, APPEAL OF THE ASSESSEE IS ALLOWED. ORDER PRONOUNCED IN THE OPEN COURT ON 27/01/2021. SD/- SD/- LANHI XKSLKBZ FOE FLAG ;KNO ( SANDEEP GOSAIN ) (VIKRAM SINGH YADAV) U;KF;D LNL;@ JUDICIAL MEMBER YS[KK LNL;@ ACCOUNTANT MEMBER TK;IQJ@ JAIPUR FNUKAD@ DATED:- 27/01/2021 * GANESH KR. VKNS'K DH IZFRFYFI VXZSFKR@ COPY OF THE ORDER FORWARDED TO: 1. VIHYKFKHZ@ THE APPELLANT- CHANDRA PRAKASH AGARWAL HUF, JAIPUR 2. IZR;FKHZ@ THE RESPONDENT- DCIT, CENTRAL CIRCLE-02, JAIPUR 3. VK;DJ VK;QDR@ CIT 4. VK;DJ VK;QDR@ CIT(A) 5. FOHKKXH; IZFRFUF/K] VK;DJ VIHYH; VF/KDJ.K] T;IQJ@ DR, ITAT, JAIPUR. 6. XKMZ QKBZY@ GUARD FILE {ITA NO. 924/JP/2019} VKNS'KKUQLKJ@ BY ORDER, LGK;D IATHDKJ@ ASST. REGISTRAR