M/S VIBHUTI MARKETING PVT. LTD.,KOLKATA V. ITO, WARD-11(1), KOLKATA

ITA 689/KOL/2024

AI Insights

The case involves M/s Vibhuti Marketing Private Limited, which appealed against the reassessment order passed by the Income Tax Officer (ITO) under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The reassessment was based on the allegation that the assessee received an unexplained credit of Rs. 10,00,000 from M/s Gajgamini Commodities Pvt. Ltd. The primary legal contention was the validity of the notice under Section 148, which was found to be unsigned. The tribunal referenced several precedents, including decisions from the Bombay High Court and other jurisdictions, which supported the view that an unsigned notice is invalid and cannot confer jurisdiction to proceed with reassessment. The tribunal also criticized the Assessing Officer for not adequately verifying the evidence provided by the assessee.

• Counselvise Citation: [2025] 140 COUNSELVISE.COM (IT) 774277 (ITAT-KOLKATA)
• Duration Of Justice: 1 year(s) 5 month(s) 8 day(s)
• Appeal Type: Income Tax Appeal
• Pronouncement Date: 12-09-2025
• Appeal Filed By: Assessee
• Order Result: Allowed
• Bench Allotted: SMC
• Assessment Year: 2013-2014
• Appeal Filed On: 03-04-2024
• Other Referred Cases: Manoj Jain Vs. ITO, Prakash Krishnavatar Bhardwaj, Commissioner of Income-Tax v. Aparna Agency (P.) Ltd., B.K. Gooyee v. Commissioner of Income-tax, Umashankar Mishra v. Commissioner of Income-tax, Sky Light Hospitality LLP v. Assistant Commissioner of Income-Tax, Commissioner of Income-Tax v. Anand And Co.
• Laws Referred To: Income Tax Act, 1961
• Result in Favour of: Assessee
• Court: TRIBUNAL
• Keywords: Set aside; Invalid notice; Reassessment proceedings; Question of law; Unexplained cash credit
• Section: 147; 148; 133(6)

Judgement Text

"IN THE INCOME TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL “SMC” BENCH,KOLKATA SHRI RAJESH KUMAR, ACCOUNTANT MEMBER I.T.A. No.689/Kol/2024 (Assessment Year 2013-2014) M/s Vibhuti Marketing Private Limited, 3rd Floor, Room No. 12, Saha Court, 8, Ganesh Chandra Avenue, Kolkata - 700013 [PAN: AACCV8966B]……..…...……………....Appellant vs. ITO, Ward-11(1), Kolkata, Aayakar Bhawan, 6th Floor, P-7, Chowringhee Square, Kolkata - 700069................................ Respondent Appearances by: Assessee represented by : Abhishek Bansal, Adv. Department represented by : Shankar Naskar, Sr. DR Date of concluding the hearing : 09.09.2025 Date of pronouncing the order : 12.09.2025 O R D E R 1. This appeal arises from order dated 31.01.2024, passed u/s 250 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (hereafter “the Act”) by the Ld. Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (NFAC), Delhi [hereafter “the Ld. CIT(A)]. 2. At the time of hearing, the Ld. Counsel pressed Ground No. 4 which is extracted below. “4. For that even otherwise, the reasons recorded are vague and therefore the reassessment proceeding initiated base upon such reasons is bad in law.” 3. The facts in brief are that the assessee filed return of income on 01.10.2023 declaring loss of Rs. 19,534/-. Thereafter, on the basis of information available with Assessing Officer, it was found that the assessee had received at Rs. 10,00,000/- from M/s Gajagamini Printed from counselvise.com 2 ITA No.689/Kol/2024 M/s Vibhuti Marketing Pvt. Ltd. Commodities Pvt. Ltd. Accordingly, notice under Section 148 of the Act was issued on 17.03.2020 which was complied by the assessee on 05.01.2021. Therefore, statutory notice along with questionnaire was duly served upon by the assessee. During the course of assessment proceedings, the assessee filed written submissions along with copies of ledger account before the Assessing Officer by stating that the assessee received Rs. 10,00,000/- from M/s Gajgamini Commodities on account of sale of shares. However, the Assessing Officer without doing any verification on the evidences furnished by the assessee which comprises of ledger account, bank statement, ITR, Balance Sheet etc. of Gajgamini Commodities Pvt. Ltd. The ld AO came to the conclusion that the assessee has not prove the genuineness of the transaction and consequently added amount to the income of the assessee as unexplained credit. The Ld. CIT(A) dismissed the appeal of the assessee by upholding the order of Assessing Officer. 4. After hearing the rival submissions and perusing the material available on record, we find that the notice under Section 148 of the Act was issued to the assessee which is available at page no. 9 of the paper book which is unsigned the copy of the is extracted as under: “Whereas I have reasons to believe that your Income chargeable to Tax for the Assessment Year 2013-14 has escaped Assessment within the meaning of section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. I, therefore, propose to assess/ re-assess the income/ loss for the said Assessment Year and I hereby require you to deliver to me within 30 days from the service of this notice, a return in the prescribed form for the said Assessment Year. This notice is being issued after obtaining the necessary satisfaction of the PCIT 4, KOLKATA.” 5. In our opinion, the notice has to be signed digitally or manually. Admittedly, notice under Section 148 of the Act was without any signature digitally or manually of the authority issuing the said notice therefore, the proceedings initiated on the basis of said notice is invalid and cannot be sustained and so is the assessment order passed. The case Printed from counselvise.com 3 ITA No.689/Kol/2024 M/s Vibhuti Marketing Pvt. Ltd. of the assessee are squarely covered by the decision of the coordinate Bench in the case of Manoj Jain Vs. ITO, ITA No. 50/Kol/2023, order dated 11.07.2024, wherein, coordinate Bench has been held as under: “7.1. A perusal of the said notice reveals that the notice has not been signed either digitally or manually. Apparently notice issued u/s 148 of the Act was without any signature digitally or manually of the authority issuing the said notice. We have perused the decision of Hon’ble Bombay High Court in the case of Prakash Krishnavatar Bhardwaj (supra) wherein the Hon’ble Court has held as under: 8. We have heard the learned counsel for the parties and perused the record of the petition. 9. It is the submission of the learned counsel for the petitioner that on perusal of the affidavit-in-reply of the respondents, there appears to be no categorical denial to the statements made by the petitioner that he has not received an order dated 02.04.2022 passed under clause (d) of Section 148A of the Act, rejecting the petitioner’s submission and holding the petitioner’s case to be one fit for issuing notice u/s.148 of the Act. Similarly, there is no substantial denial to the fact that the notice issued u/ s.148 dated 02.04.2022 was unsigned both digitally and manually and was never received by the petitioner by e-mail or for that matter even uploaded onto the system via e-mail. Further, a copy of the said unsigned notice was received by the petitioner by speed post only on 16.04.2022. 10. It is, therefore, the contention of the petitioner that the notice u/s.148 being an unsigned notice, the same is invalid and consequently proceeding on the basis of an invalid notice vitiates the entire reassessment proceedings as the same is without any jurisdiction. It is further the argument of learned counsel for the petitioner that proceeding on the basisof an invalid notice, which in any case, has been issued after three years from the end of the relevant assessment year, as required under the provisions of section 149(1)(b) of the Act, constitutes a jurisdictional error on the part of the respondents. 11. Learned counsel for the petitioner makes a reference to a Division Bench judgment of the High Court of Calcutta in Commissioner of IncomeTax v. Aparna Agency (P.) Ltd.1 to contend that the provisions of section 192(B) of the Act do not provide for a cure when the notice under the Act is invalid by virtue of it not having a signature affixed as is required under the relevant provisions. He further refers to another judgment of the High Court of Calcutta in B.K. Gooyee v. Commissioner of Income-tax2 and a judgment of a Division Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Umashankar Mishra v. Commissioner of Income-tax3 for the proposition that absence of a signature on notice is an invalid notice in the eyes of law and such an infirmity amounts to no notice at all. 12. Per contra, Mr. Ajeet Manwani, learned counsel for the respondents submits that assuming the notice u/s.148 of the Act was unsigned manually or digitally as is clear from the original record, this fact would not, by itself vitiate further proceedings in the matter, as according to him, provisions of Section 292B of the Act could cure this defect or mistake. He argues that applying the provisions of section 292B of the Act, the notice which is mistakenly not signed, would not be vitiated; since in any event Printed from counselvise.com 4 ITA No.689/Kol/2024 M/s Vibhuti Marketing Pvt. Ltd. the unsigned notice, at a later point of time, was sent to the petitioner by courier. 13. Learned counsel for the respondents refers to a judgment of the Delhi High Court in Sky Light Hospitality LLP v. Assistant Commissioner of Income-Tax4 and that of the Calcutta High Court in Commissioner of Income-Tax v. Anand And Co.5 in aid of his argument that even if the signatures were not applied on the notice, the authenticity of the notice was notdenied; he argues that if the petitioner does not deny the authenticity of the notice, he has waived his right to raise an objection to its validity. 14. The High Court of Calcutta in B.K. Gooyee (supra) was considering the legal impact of an unsigned notice issued u/s.34 of the Income Tax Act, 1922 and whether there can be a waiver of a right of an assessee to challenge the same on the ground that the notice was unsigned. Whilst holding that a lack of signature on a notice invalidates the same, it has further gone on to hold that there can be no waiver to the right of an assessee to raise this objection where the condition precedent for assuming jurisdiction by the Assessing Officer is not fulfilled. To quote from the judgment it holds: In the present case there was more than a mere irregularity or a clerical mistake for, in my view, a notice without the signature lacks an essential and/or an integral and/or an inseparable vital part or requirement of a notice under section 34, a notice in terms of which is a condition precedent to the assumption of jurisdiction by the Income- tax Officer. It is notice with a body but without a soul. Hence, it is an invalid notice and consequently equivalent to no notice.Hence, these cases do not militate against the principle that there can be no waiver where the condition precedent for assumption of jurisdiction is not fulfilled. Accordingly, my opinion is that the notice under section 34 of the Income-tax Act, 1922, to be a proper, valid and legal notice, requires to be signed by the Income-tax Officer, non-compliance of which would make it bad and all the proceedings started thereafter would be without jurisdiction. Mr. Meyer, however, in the last resort contended that in the facts of this case, the assessee in any event, waived the notice. The expression \"wavier\" has a professional meaning. It is true that the notice was duly served and was said to have been received by the assessee, but it is determined on high authority, that the notice under section 34 (I mean a valid notice) is a condition precedent for the assumption of jurisdiction. A notice under section 34 is therefore, not merely a procedural requirement. In its absence, it does not become a case of procedural defect. The difference between the cases of want of jurisdiction and those of irregular exercise of jurisdiction, is to be remembered in this context. 15. Following the ratio laid down in B.K. Gooyee (supra) and another, a Division Bench of the High Court of Calcutta in Aparna Agency (P.) Ltd. (supra) whilst considering the validity of an unsigned penalty order issued u/s.271B of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and whether such a defect was curable in terms of provisions of section 292B of the Act, held thus: 6. A close scrutiny of B.K. Gooyee's case (supra) could show that the question for consideration was regarding the irregularity in the issuing of a notice under section 34 of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. The Printed from counselvise.com 5 ITA No.689/Kol/2024 M/s Vibhuti Marketing Pvt. Ltd. notice did not contain the signature of the Income-tax Officer who issued it. It was held that service of a valid notice is a condition precedent to the assumption of jurisdiction by the Income-tax Officer totake further proceedings and that all proceedings taken in pursuance of a notice which does not contain the signature of the Income-tax Officer are invalid. It was further held that such irregularity cannot be waived and the question of its validity can be taken at any stage of the proceedings. Their Lordships of the Madhya Pradesh High Court have taken notice of the provisions contained in section 292B which provision was incorporated subsequent to the judgment in B.K. Gooyee's case (supra) and have specifically dealt with this question in the light of the provisions in section 292B. We are in respectful agreement with the view of their Lordships in Umashankar Mishra's case (supra) based on which the Tribunal in the case on hand reversed the order of the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals). 7. The observations in B.K. Gooyee's case (supra), which, in our view, have material bearing on the questions raised before us are extracted hereunder : \"In the present case, there was more than a mere irregularity or a clerical mistake, for, in my view, a notice without the signature lacks an essential and/or an integral and/or an inseparable vital part or requirement of a notice under section 34, a notice in terms of which is a condition precedent to the assumption of jurisdiction by the Income- tax Officer. It is notice with a body but without a soul. Hence, it is an invalid notice and consequently, equivalent to no notice.\" 8. The service of a valid notice, as already noticed, is a condition precedent to the assumption of jurisdiction by the Assessing Officer. The existence of a valid notice is, therefore, a jurisdictional fact. The question, therefore, is not to be looked at from the perspective that the decision to issue notice was by an authority competent in that behalf under the Act and, therefore, submitting to his jurisdiction without objection, theinference of waiver arises. The question being one of jurisdiction, to be more specific the condition precedent to the assumption of jurisdiction what has to be seen is that the person that purported to exercise the jurisdiction vested in him had in fact exercised that jurisdiction and signed the said notice. The said test has not been satisfied in the case on hand. Unlike the judgment of this court in Anand and Co. [1994] 207 ITR 418 relied upon by the Revenue the case on hand is not one where the authenticity of the show-cause notice is in question. In the case on hand as held by the fact-finding authority the show-cause notice has not been signed by any person and the place intended for signature was kept blank. 16. The Madhya Pradesh High Court has taken a similar view in Umashankar Mishra (supra) whilst following the same line of thinking as the Calcutta High Court in B.K. Goyee (supra) and has held as under: 4. The first question for consideration is whether the Tribunal was right in holding that the notice issued to the assessee under section 271(1)(a) of the Act was a valid notice. Now, the Tribunal has found that that notice was not signed by the ITO. Section 282 of the Act provides that a notice under the Act may be served on the person named therein as if it were a summons issued by a court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. Sub-rule (3) of Rule 1 of O.5, CPC, provides that every summons Printed from counselvise.com 6 ITA No.689/Kol/2024 M/s Vibhuti Marketing Pvt. Ltd. shall be signed by the judge or such officer, as he appoints. In view of this provision, it must be held that the notice to show cause why penalty should not be levied issued by the ITO should have been signed by the ITO and the omission to do so invalidated the notice. In B.K. Gooyee v. CIT [1966] 62 ITR 109 (Cal), the question for consideration was whether the absence of the signature of the ITO on the notice under section 34 of the Indian I.T. Act, 1922, was a mere irregularity or a clerical mistake. Dealingwith this question, Datta J. Observed as follows (p. 119): \"In the present case, there was more than a mere irregularity or a clerical mistake, for, in my view, a notice without the signature lacks an essential and/or an integral and/or an inseparable vital part or requirement of a notice under section 34, a notice the terms of which are a condition precedent to the assumption of jurisdiction by the Income-tax Officer. It is notice with a body but without a soul. Hence, it is an invalid notice and consequently, equivalent to no notice.\" 5. We respectfully agree with the aforesaid observations. The Tribunal distinguished the decision in [1966] 62 ITR 109 on the ground that the provisions of section 292B of the Act were introduced after that decision. But, that provision, in our opinion, isintended to ensure that an inconsequential technicality does not defeat justice. But, the signing of a notice under section 271(1)(a) of the Act is not merely an inconsequential technicality. It is a requirement of the provisions of O.5, rule 1(3) of the CPC, which are applicable by virtue of section 282 of the Act. Under the circumstances, the provisions of section 292B of the Act would not be attracted in the instant case and the Tribunal in our opinion, was not right in holding that the notice issued under section 271(1)(a) of the Act was a valid notice in the eye of law. 6. In view of our answer to the first question, our answer to the second question is that the Tribunal was not right in holding that the absence of the signature on the notice simply constituted a mistake or omission within the meaning of section 292B of the Act. 7. In view of the fact that no valid notice was served on the assessee before levying penalty, our answer to the third question is that, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the penalty levied under section 271(1)(a) of the Act was not valid. Thus, ouranswers to all the three questions referred to this court are in the negative and in favour of the assessee. 17. Anand And Co. (supra) cited by the Revenue, proceeds on the basis that the notice issued u/s.148 of the Act did contain a signature, but the question before the Calcutta High Court was whether the signature was authenticated or not. In that case, the signature was affixed in the form of a curved line, which the assessee claimed was not an authentic signature. It is in that context that the High Court of Calcutta in Anand And Co. (supra) has held that the notice was proper, Anand and Co. (supra) was not a where there was no signature at all on the notice, but in view of the fact that the only challenge was to the doubtful authenticity of the curved line purporting to be his signature, the assessee could not raise an objection that the notice was infact invalid. In the facts of that case, the ratio laid down therein does not aid the argument of the respondents in any manner. Printed from counselvise.com 7 ITA No.689/Kol/2024 M/s Vibhuti Marketing Pvt. Ltd. 18. Sky Light Hospitality (supra) cited by the respondents was also not a case where the notice issued to the assessee was unsigned. That was a case where the notice u/s.148 was issued with a signature, but the address of the assessee was only partly correct. It was in that context that the Delhi High Court has held that the provisions of section 292B of the Act, where there was a mistake, defect or an omission in the complete address on which the notice was issued to the assessee, would cure such defect, and an objection to the validity of the notice could not be raised. In that fact of the matter, the judgment in Sky Light Hospitality (supra) would not be applicable to the facts of the present case, which is one where the signature of the Assessing Officer was not affixed on the notice. 19. Applying the ratio of the judgment of the Calcutta High Court in B.K. Gooyee and Aparna Agency (P.) Ltd. (supra) to the facts of the present case, the signature of the Assessing Officer admittedly not having been affixed on the notice issued u/s.148 of the Act, the notice itself would be invalid and consequently, the Assessing Officer could not assume jurisdiction to proceed in the matter in terms of section 148 of the Act. The Madhya Pradesh High Court in Umashankar Mishra (supra) has dealt with a similar fact situation where the first substantial question of law dealt with in that case had considered the effect of whether an unsigned notice can be considered as an irregularity or clerical mistake. The Madhya Pradesh High Court after making reference to the conclusions drawn in B.K.Gooyee (supra) by the Calcutta High Court, has taken the view, that a notice without a signature affixed on it is an invalid notice and is effectively no notice in the eyes of law. 20. The Madhya Pradesh High Court in Umashankar (supra) has further dealt with the second substantial question of law as to whether the Tribunal was right in holding that the absence of a signature on the notice constitutes a mistake or omission within the meaning of section 292B of the Act and while addressing itself to that question, has concluded that in the absence of a signature on the notice, the same would not constitute a mistake or omission and would not be curable under the provisions of section 292B of the Act. 21. We are, therefore, of the considered opinion that in the present case, the notice u/s.148 dated 02.04.2022 having no signature affixed on it, digitally or manually, the same is invalid and would not vest the Assessing Officer with any further jurisdiction to proceed to reassess the income ofthe petitioner. Consequently, the notice dated 02.04.2022 u/s.148 of the Act issued to the petitioner being invalid and sought to be issued after three years from the end of the relevant assessment year 2015-16 with which we are concerned in this petition, any steps taken by the respondents in furtherance of notice dated 21.03.2022 issued under clause (b) of section 148A of the Act and order dated 02.04.2022 issued under clause (d) of section 148A of the Act, would be without jurisdiction, and therefore, arbitrary and contrary to Article 14 of the Constitution of India. Consequently, we quash and set aside the notice dated 02.04.2022 issued by the respondents u/s.148 of the Act, order dated 02.04.2022 under clause (b) of section 148A of the Act and notice dated 21.03.2022 issued under clause (b) of section 148A of the Act.” 7.2. In the above decision, the Hon’ble Bombay High Court has held that re- opening of assessment on the basis of a notice issued u/s 148 of the Act which is unsigned is invalid. We therefore respectfully following the decision of Hon’ble Printed from counselvise.com 8 ITA No.689/Kol/2024 M/s Vibhuti Marketing Pvt. Ltd. Bombay High Court quash the assessment framed by AO as without jurisdiction as the notice issued u/s 148 is invalid as it did not bear the signature of AO. 8. In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed.” Accordingly, we the notice issued u/s 148 of the Act as well as the assessment framed is invalid and is hereby quashed. So far as the merit of the case are concerned, we note that the Assessing Officer has framed the assessment without doing any verification on the evidences by the assessee. Similarly, the AO relied on the fact that the assessee has filed only evidences which would not prove the genuineness of the transaction without doing any enquiry into the matter of without pointing out any defect in the evidemces. The AO did not issue u/s 133(6) were not issued to the purchaser on investments. Moreover the investments were coming from the earlier assessment years. Therefore, when the purchase of investment were accepted by the department in the earlier years, the same cannot be doubted in the year of sale. Accordingly, we set aside the order of Ld. CIT(A) and direct the Assessing Officer to delete the addition. 6. In result, appeal of the assesseeis allowed. Order pronounced on 12.09.2025 Sd/- (Rajesh Kumar) Accountant Member Dated:12.09.2025 AK,Sr. P.S. Copy of the order forwarded to: 1. Appellant 2. Respondent 3. Pr. CIT 4. CIT(A) 5. CIT(DR) Printed from counselvise.com 9 ITA No.689/Kol/2024 M/s Vibhuti Marketing Pvt. Ltd. //True copy// By order Assistant Registrar, Kolkata Benches Printed from counselvise.com "