MS. ARCHANA SHARMA V. THE UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION(UGC) AND 4 ORS.

WP(C)/6374/2018

AI Insights

Ms. Archana Sharma, a professor at Gauhati University, challenged the constitution of the Advisory Board for selecting a new Vice Chancellor, arguing that it violated the UGC Regulations of 2010, which require that members of such a board should not be connected with the university. The High Court heard arguments from various parties, including the UGC, the State of Assam, and other university officials. The court examined whether the UGC Regulations were applicable to Gauhati University and whether Prof. Goswami's involvement in the Selection Committee constituted a disqualifying connection. Ultimately, the court concluded that the UGC Regulations were not mandatory for Gauhati University and that Prof. Goswami's role did not disqualify him from serving on the Advisory Board.

• Counselvise Citation: [2019] 140 COUNSELVISE.COM (IT) 694681 (HC-ASSAM NAGALAND MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)
• Appeal Type: Others
• Pronouncement Date: 11-04-2019
• Assessment Year: misc
• Other Referred Cases: Kalyani Mathivanan Vs. K V Jeyaraj and Ors, Suresh Patilkhede Vs. Chancellor, Universities of Maharastra, State of Uttar Pradesh Vs. Sheo Shanker Lal Srivastava, J Mohapatra and Company Vs. State of Orissa, Drigraj Kuer vs. Amar Krishna Narain Singh, L. Hazari Mal Kuthiala vs. ITO, Surana Steels Pvt. Ltd. vs. The Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax and Ors
• Laws Referred To: University Grants Commission (Minimum Qualifications for Appointment of Teachers and other Academic Staff in Universities and Colleges and other Measures for the Maintenance of Standards in Higher Education) Regulations 2010, Gauhati University Act of 1947
• Result in Favour of: Revenue
• Court: HIGH COURT
• Department Lawyers: SC G U
• Assessee Lawyers: U K NAIR
• Keywords: UGC Regulations; Vice Chancellor selection; Advisory Board; Search Committee; Gauhati University
• Section: 12(1); 12(2); 13(f); 7.3.0(ii); 15 A(1)(a); 8A(1); 8B(3)

Judgement Text

"Page No.# 1/17 GAHC010205942018 THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH) Case No. : WP(C) 6374/2018 1:MS. ARCHANA SHARMA R/O- KALIATHAKUR PATH, GARCHUK, KAMRUP (M), GHY- 35 VERSUS 1:THE UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION(UGC) AND 4 ORS. REP. BY ITS SECY., BAHADUR SHAH ZAFFOR MARG, NEW DELHI- 110002 2:THE STATE OF ASSAM REP. BY THE COMM. AND SECY. EDUCATION DEPTT. DISPUR GHY-6 ASSAM 3:EXECUTIVE COUNCIL OF GAUHATI UNIVERSITY REP. BY MEMBER SECY. REGISTRAR GAUHATI UNIVERSITY GOPINATH BARDOLOI NAGAR JALUKBARI GHY-14 4:PROF. (RETD.) DULAL CHANDRA GOSWAMI S/O- LT KESHAB CH. GOSWAMI PAKRITI APPARTMENT LANKESWAR GHY- 14 KAMRUP (M) ASSAM Page No.# 2/17 5:THE CHANCELLOR GAUHATI UNIVERSITY REPRESENTED BY SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNOR ASSAM RAJBHAWAN GUWAHATI Advocate for the Petitioner : MR. U K NAIR Advocate for the Respondent : SC, G U BEFORE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE ACHINTYA MALLA BUJOR BARUA JUDGMENT Date : 11-04-2019 Heard Mr. KN Choudhury, learned senior counsel appearing for the petitioner. Also heard Mr. A Chamuah, learned counsel for the respondent No.1 University Grants Commission (for short, UGC), Mr. D Saikia, learned Senior Additional Advocate General for the respondent No.2 State of Assam in the Education Department and the respondent No.5 being the Chancellor, Gauhati University through the Secretary to the Governor of Assam, Mr. KH Choudhury, learned Senior counsel for the respondent No.3 the Executive Council of the Gauhati University and Mr. N Dutta, learned Senior counsel for the respondent No.4. 2. The petitioner, who is a Professor in the Economics Department of the Gauhati University, having an experience of 13 years as a Professor is aggrieved by the Resolution No.R/EC-02/2018/35 of the Executive Council of the Gauhati University taken in its second regular meeting of 2018 held on 31.03.2018 and 24.04.2018 as regard the item No.31 thereof for the constitution of the Advisory Board for selection of Vice Chancellor of the University. 3. According to the petitioner, the Advisory Board so constituted is in fact the Search Committee for selection of Vice Chancellor of a University as contemplated under Clause 7.3.0(ii) of the University Grants Commission (Minimum Qualifications for Appointment of Teachers and other Academic Staff in Universities and Colleges and other Measures for the Maintenance of Standards in Higher Education)Regulations 2010, (for short, UGC Regulations of 2010). Page No.# 3/17 4. It the contention that the Advisory Board constituted by the Executive Council of the Gauhati University in its meeting of 31.03.2018 and 24.04.2018 is for all purpose, the Search Committee contemplated under clause 7.3.0 of the UGC Regulations of 2010, and, therefore, the eligibility conditions and the requirements of the said clause would also have to be satisfied in respect of the composition of the members of the Advisory Board. The petitioners rely upon the provisions of Clause 7.3.0(ii) of the UGC Regulations of 2010 which, inter alia, provides that the members of the Search Committee shall be persons of eminence in the sphere of Higher Education and shall not be connected in any manner with the University concerned or its Colleges to contend that the inclusion of the respondent No.4, Prof. Retd. Dulal Chandra Goswami as a member of the Advisory Board in the meeting of the Executive Council held on 31.03.2018 and 24.04.2018 would be unsustainable, inasmuch as, the respondent No.4 is also a member of the Selection Committee for making recommendation to the Executive Council for appointment of Professors, Readers, Lecturers, Registrars, Treasurers, Librarians and other Officers of the University as contemplated under Section 15 A(1)(a) of the Gauhati University Act of 1947 and as such he is very much connected with the Gauhati University, and, therefore, if he is made a member of the Advisory Board, it would be contrary to the provisions of Clause 7.3.0(ii) of the UGC Regulations of 2010. 5. In the aforesaid factual background, a further contention is raised by the petitioner that the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor of the Gauhati University was also a part of the Executive Council in its meeting held on 31.03.2018 and 24.04.2018 by which the Advisory Board comprising of amongst others, the respondent No.4 was constituted and as the same incumbent Vice Chancellor would also be a candidate in the selection process for the new Vice Chancellor, he would be subjected to a selection process by an Advisory Board comprising of a member selected by such Executive Council of which he was a part, and, therefore the same would violate the Principles of Natural Justice under the concept, nemo judex in causa sua, which under the law means that no one can judge his own cause. 6. Per contra, Mr. D Saikia, learned senior Additional Advocate General appearing for the respondent Nos.2 and 5 has raised a contention that the constitution of the Advisory Board by the Executive Council of the Gauhati University was made as required under Section 8A(1) of the Gauhati University Act of 1947 and further that the Gauhati University had not adopted the UGC Regulations of 2010 and, as such, the requirement of Clause 7.3.0(ii) of the said Regulations is neither binding, nor Page No.# 4/17 required to be followed while constituting the Advisory Board. As there is no such impediment under the Gauhati University Act of 1947 that a member of the Advisory Board shall not be connected with the University in any manner, the constitution of the Advisory Board including the respondent No.3, even if he may be connected with the University by itself would not be a disqualification. 7. Mr. KH Choudhury, learned senior counsel for the respondent, Executive Council of the Gauhati University has raised the contention that being a member of the Selection Committee for selection of Professors, Readers, Lecturers etc., of the Gauhati University, by itself cannot be construed that a member of such Selection Committee is connected with the University in such manner so as to incur a disqualification to be a member of the Advisory Board for selection of the Vice Chancellor. 8. Mr. N Dutta, learned senior counsel appearing for the respondent No.4 by relying upon the pronouncement of the Supreme Court rendered in Kalyani Mathivanan Vs.K V Keyaraj and Ors reported in (2015) 6 SCC 363, contended that the Bombay High Court in Suresh Patilkhede Vs. Chancellor, Universities of Maharastra, having held that Regulations7.2.0 and 7.3.0 of the UGC Regulations of 2010 are recommendatory in nature, therefore neither the State Legislature nor the State Government is bound to accept the same and the Supreme Court in Kalyani Mathivanan (supra) having upheld the said conclusion of the Bombay High Court that Regulations7.3.0 has to be treated as recommendatory in nature so far it relates to universities and colleges under the State Legislation and in the instant case, the Gauhati University being also a creation under the State Legislature, the provisions of Regulations7.3.0 would be recommendatory in nature and, as such, not binding so as to render the inclusion of the respondent No.4 as a member of the Advisory Board for selection of the Vice Chancellor to be unsustainable. 9. Mr. KN Choudhury, learned senior counsel for the petitioner has also raised the contention that the advertisement for the post of Vice Chancellor issued on 10.07.2018 having provided that the interested candidates who are eligible as per the UGC norms may send their nominations/applications, it is to be understood that the UGC Regulations of 2010 had been adopted for the purpose of selection of the Vice Chancellor, and, therefore, the provisions of Regulations7.3.0 would also be applicable. 10. We have also perused the records of the Executive Council of the Gauhati University in its Page No.# 5/17 meeting held on 31.03.2018 and 24.04.2018 from which it is discernible that the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor, Dr. Mridul Hazarika was present in the meeting of the Executive Council and was also the chairman for the purpose, but when the Item No.31 as regards the nomination of a member by the Executive Council to the Advisory Board for selection of new Vice Chancellor of the University was taken up, he had abstained from participating in the process to propose the name(s) for the purpose and required the other members should decide on the matter. 11. On the other hand, when the Executive Council in its meeting of 24.04.2017 was deliberating upon the inclusion of the respondent No.4 Prof. Dulal Chandra Goswami in the Selection Committee of the Gauhati University, there is no such indication that the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor had not participated in the deliberations. 12. The aforesaid proceedings of the Executive Council in its meeting of 24.04.2017 while nominating respondent No.4, Prof. Dulal Chandra Goswami to the Selection Committee of the Gauhati University and that of the meeting held on 31.03.2018 and 24.04.2018 for nominating a member to the Advisory Board for selection of the new Vice Chancellor finds relevance in view of the contention raised by Mr. KN Choudhury, learned senior counsel for the petitioner that the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor having participated in the appointment/nomination of the respondent No.4 Prof Dulal Chandra Goswami, both to the Selection Committee of the Gauhati University and also to the Advisory Board for selection of the new Vice Chancellor and the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor being also a candidate in the selection process of the new Vice Chancellor, he had decided his own cause by nominating a member of his choice to the Advisory Board. 13. To answer the said contention of Mr. KN Choudhury, learned senior counsel for the petitioner, we are required to look into two aspects, as to whether the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor had participated in the deliberation of the Executive Council for appointment of a member to the Advisory Board for selection of the new Vice Chancellor and also as to whether under the statutory provisions the Vice Chancellor could have remained absent from the meeting of the Executive Council and allowed the Executive Council to have its meeting without a Vice Chancellor or could have arranged for a temporary Vice Chancellor to conduct the meeting on the given day. 14. As regards the first aspect the records of the Executive Council of the Gauhati University in its Page No.# 6/17 meeting held on 31.03.2018 and 24.04.2018 clearly reveals that when the Item No.31 for appointment of a member to the Advisory Board for selection of the new Vice Chancellor was taken up, the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor had clearly refrained from participating in the deliberation, and had required the other members of the Council to propose, adopt and resolve as regards the member to be appointed to the Advisory Board. 15. Therefore, on the factual matrix it cannot be said that the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor had participated in both the meetings of the Executive Council of the Gauhati University i.e. to appoint the respondent No.4, Prof. Dulal Chandra Goswami as a member of the Selection Committee of the Gauhati University as well as a member of the Advisory Board for selection of the new Vice Chancellor. In fact the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor had not participated in the deliberation of the Executive Council in its meeting held on 31.03.2018 and 24.04.2018 for appointment of a member of the Advisory Board for selection of the new Vice Chancellor. 16. As regard the other aspect as to whether the Vice Chancellor could have remained absent from the meetings of the Executive Council we take note that under the scheme of the statutory provisions of the Gauhati University Act of 1947 under Section 8 B(3), the Vice Chancellor shall have the power to convene the meetings, amongst others, of the Executive Council. As per Section 12(1) of the Act of 1947, the Executive Council shall be the Executive Body of the University which shall consist of, amongst others, the following Ex-Officio Members: (i) The Vice-Chancellor, (ii) The Reader, (iii) The Director of Public Instraction, Assam, (iv) The Director of Technical Education, Assam. Further as per Section 12(2), except for the Ex-Officio Members, including the Chancellor and the Vice Chancellor, all other members shall hold office for a period of three years from the date of election or nomination. Section 13(f) provides that subject to the provisions of the Act and the Statutes, the Executive Page No.# 7/17 Council shall appoint such officers, other than the Chancellor and the Vice Chancellor, and the other teachers, clerical staff etc. of the University and define their duties and conditions of service. Section 8 A(6) provides that whenever there is any temporary vacancy in the Office of the Vice Chancellor by reasons of leave, illness or resignation or other causes, the Chancellor shall make such other arrangement temporarily as he may think fit for exercising the powers and performing the duties of the Vice Chancellor as deemed necessary and the emoluments and allowances, if any, payable to such persons, temporarily appointed, be determined by the Chancellor. 17. From the scheme of the statutory provisions under the Gauhati University Act of 1947, it is discernible that the Executive Council comprises of various other members, both ex-officio and otherwise, including that of the Vice Chancellor and without the Vice Chancellor the Executive Council is not complete. The provisions of Section 12(1) makes it explicitly clear that the Executive Council shall consist of the members indicated therein which also includes the Vice Chancellor, where the expression ‘shall’ gives the indication that it is mandatory to have the Vice Chancellor to be included in the Executive Council and without the Vice Chancellor the Council would remain incomplete. 18. The provisions of Section 12 of the Gauhati University Act, 1947 does not provide for the concept of any quorum being met for the functioning of the Executive Council, which again gives the impression that all the members provided under Section 12(1) are required to remain present in order to constitute the Executive Council. The provisions does not indicate as to what would happen if any of the member for valid and acceptable reason remains absent in a given meeting. In respect of the Vice Chancellor, no such provision is discernible which allows the Executive Council to have its meetings without the Vice Chancellor and it is more so, as Section 8 B(3) provides that it is the Vice Chancellor who shall have the power to convene the meetings of the Executive Council which again shows the mandatory requirement of the Vice Chancellor in the meetings of the Executive Council. 19. Although Section 8A(6) refers to a temporary vacancy in the Office of the Vice Chancellor by reasons of leave, illness, resignation or other causes, but the situation contemplated is of a temporary vacancy where the incumbent Vice Chancellor was not holding the office at the relevant time. But in the instant case, we find that the Vice Chancellor who was holding the office when the meetings of the Executive Council were held on 31.03.2018 and 24.04.2018 was very much in office on the said Page No.# 8/17 dates and no temporary vacancy had existed. As such, a situation cannot be contemplated that for the said two meetings the Chancellor in exercise of its powers under Section 8A(6) of the Gauhati University Act of 1947 could have appointed a temporary Vice Chancellor for the meetings of the Executive Council held on 31.03.2018 and 24.04.2018. 20. In the resultant situation, we arrive at a conclusion that under the scheme of the statutory provisions of the Gauhati University Act of 1947, it is a necessity that the Vice Chancellor in office at the relevant time do convene and conduct the meetings of the Executive Council of the University and without the Vice Chancellor doing the needful, the Executive Council would not be complete for discharging its functions. 21. In State of Uttar Pradesh Vs. Sheo Shanker Lal Srivastava, reported in (2006) 3 SCC 276, in paragraph 15 the Supreme Court took the view that although the Principles of Natural Justice is based on two pillars, i.e., nobody shall be condemned without hearing and nobody shall be a judge in its own cause, but in a case where the doctrine of necessity is applicable, compliance with the Principles of Natural Justice of not being a judge in his own cause would be excluded. In paragraph 16 of the said judgment, Sir William Wade, in his book, Administrative Law had been quoted which is as follows: \"But there are many cases where no substitution is possible, since no one else is empowered to act. Natural justice then has to give way to necessity, for otherwise there is no means of deciding and the machinery of justice or administration will break down,.\" “In administrative cases the same exigency may arise. Where statute empowers particular minister or official to act, he will usually be the one and only person who can do so. There is then no way of escaping the responsibility, even if he is personally interested. Transfer of responsibility is, indeed, a recognized type of ultra vires. In one case it was unsuccessfully argued that only minister competent to confirm a compulsory purchase order for land for an airport had disqualified himself by showing bias and that the local authority could only apply for a local Act of Parliament.\" In J Mohapatra and Company Vs. State of Orissa reported in (1984) 4 SCC 103, the Supreme Court in paragraph 12 held that the doctrine of necessity is an exception to the rule that no man shall be a judge in his own cause and that an adjudicator, who is a subject to disqualification on the ground of bias and interest in the matter which he has to decide, may be required to adjudicate, if there is no other person who is competent to adjudicate and in such cases, the Principle of Natural Justice would Page No.# 9/17 have to give way to necessity as otherwise, there would be no means of deciding the matter. 22. The aforesaid propositions laid down by the Supreme Court clearly postulates a situation where a person is required to act, even in a situation where it can be contemplated that he may be biased in performing his act, or that the act purported to be done can be viewed to have been done by creating a situation which otherwise would be in his favour, an act by such person, would have to be construed to be a requirement of the necessity under the situation. Such requirement of a necessity is accepted to be the doctrine of necessity which forms an exclusion to the otherwise well established Principles of Natural Justice that no man should be a judge of his own cause or nemo judex in causa sua. 23. In the instant case, considering the scheme of the statutory provisions of Gauhati University Act of 1947, where the meetings of the Executive Council can neither be convened nor be held without the prescribed role being played by the Vice Chancellor of the University, we are of the view that the convening and participation of the Vice Chancellor in the meeting of the Executive Council of the University where a decision or resolution may be taken which can also be said to be something that may ultimately favour the concerned Vice Chancellor, would have to be covered by the doctrine of necessity and consequently be an exclusion to the Principle of Natural Justice of nemo judex in causa sua. In the corollary, it appears that the Executive Council would be incomplete to take any such decision or resolution and hence, would be subjected to being assailed for the reason of not being in conformity with the statutory provisions. 24. Further, as the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor had not participated in the deliberation for appointment of the respondent No.4, Prof. Dulal Chandra Goswami as a member of the Advisory Board for selection of the Vice Chancellor and the said Advisory Board would now select a new Vice Chancellor, in which process, the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor would also participate, it cannot be said that the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor had occasioned the existence of a situation, where he would determine his own cause and consequently, the principle of nemo judex in causa sua would be attracted. On the other hand, as indicated above, in the given circumstance, it would be the doctrine of necessity which would be more applicable rather than the principles of nemo judex in causa sua. 25. On the contention that the Advisory Board so constituted by the Executive Council in its meeting Page No.# 10/17 held on 31.03.2018 and 24.04.2018 is for all purpose the Search Committee contemplated under Clause 7.3.0 of the UGC Regulations 2010 and, therefore, the provisions thereof that a member of the Search Committee shall not be connected with the University in any manner would be applicable for determining as to whether a member of the Advisory Board so constituted would be so eligible or not, we have to examine the issue from two aspects, firstly whether the UGC Regulations of 2010 is applicable in respect of the Gauhati University and if applicable as to what would be its effect. 26. We take note of the stand of Mr. D Saikia, learned Senior Additional Advocate General appearing for the respondent Nos.2 and 5 that the Gauhati University is a creation under a State Legislation and that the UGC Regulations of 2010 had not been adopted by the Gauhati University. 27. Admittedly the Gauhati University is a creation under the Gauhati University Act of 1947, which is an enactment by the State Legislature. The question as to whether the provisions of UGC Regulations of 2010 framed under Section 26 of the University Grants Commission Act 1956 (for short, UGC Act of 1956) are binding upon the Gauhati University, the answer thereof can be found in the pronouncement of the Supreme Court rendered in Kalyani Mathivanan (supra). 28. In Kalyani Mathivanan (supra), the Supreme Court was faced with a situation where in KV Jeyaraj Vs. Chancellor of University, the Madras High Court was of the view that the post of Vice Chancellor being a part of academia, i.e., teaching staff and the UGC Regulations of 2010 will prevail over the State enactment being the Madurai Kamraj University Act by which the concerned University was created, as well as the statues framed under the said University Act, in the event of there being a conflict between the UGC Regulations of 2010 and University Act and in Suresh Patilkhede Vs. Chancellor, Universities of Maharastra, the Bombay High Court took the view that the Regulations7.2.0 and 7.3.0 are traceable to Section 12(d) of the UGC Act of 1956 and the same are without authority of law, but at the same time they are merely recommendatory in nature and, therefore, neither the State Legislature nor the State Government are bound to accept the same and further that Regulations7.3.0 of the UGC Regulations 2010 being a subordinate legislation under an Act of Parliament, it cannot override a plenary legislation enacted by the State Legislature. 29. In the aforesaid situation, the Supreme Court in paragraph 61 of its judgment in Kalyani Page No.# 11/17 Mathivanan (supra) was of the view that it was in disagreement with the finding of the Bombay High Court that Regulations 7.3.0 of the UGC Regulations 2010 is not traceable to clauses (e) or (g) of Section 26 of the UGC Act of 1956. It also refused to agree that Regulations 7.3.0 of the UGC Regulations of 2010 being subordinate legislation under an Act of Parliament, it cannot override the provisions of the legislation enacted by the State Legislature. 30. But, however, the Supreme Court in its judgment had upheld the finding of the Bombay High Court that Regulations7.3.0 has to be treated as recommendatory in nature and is upheld so far as it relates to universities and colleges under the State legislation. 31. Accordingly, it was held by the Supreme Court that (i) the UGC Regulations being passed by both houses of the Parliament, though a subordinate legislation, has binding effect on the universities to which it applies. (ii) the UGC Regulations 2010 are mandatory to teachers and other academic staff in all the Central universities and colleges thereunder and the Institutions deemed to be universities whose maintenance expenditure is met by the UGC. (iii) the UGC Regulations 2010 are directory for the universities, colleges and other higher educational institutions under the purview of the State legislation as the matter had been left to the State Government to adopt and implement the scheme. (iv) Accordingly, the UGC Regulations are partly mandatory and partly directory depending upon whether the university or the college concerned is under the Central Government or its expenditure being met by the UGC or it is under the purview of a State Legislation, where the State Government or the university concerned had not adopted the UGC Regulations 2010. 32. In the Principles of Statutory Interpretation by Justice G P Singh, in the 14th edition in pages: 433-434, it has been provided as follows:- “If a provision is mandatory an act done in breach thereof will be invalid, but if it is directory the act will be valid although the non-compliance may give rise to some other penalty if provided by the statute……It has often been said that a mandatory enactment must be obeyed or fulfilled exactly, but it is sufficient if a directory enactment be obeyed or fulfilled substantially. The latter half of this proposition is, however, not quite accurate as even a complete non-compliance of a director provision Page No.# 12/17 has been held in many cases as not affecting the validity of the act done in breach thereof.” 33. In Drigraj Kuer –vs- Amar Krishna Narain Singh reported in AIR 1960 SC 444 in paragraph-29 it has been held as under:- “28. …. In our view, therefore, the section is clearly directory. The failure to observe the provisions of the section did not render the compromise decrees in this case a nullity.” 34. In L. Hazari Mal Kuthiala –vs- ITO reported in AIR 1961 SC 200 in paragraph-6 it has been held as under:- “6. …… and the direction for consultation may be treated as directory and its neglect, as of no consequence to the result.” 35. From the aforesaid propositions, it is discernible that if a provision is mandatory, an act done in breach thereof would be invalid, but if it is directory, the act will be valid although the noncompliance may give rise to some other penalty, if provided in the statute. Further a mandatory enactment must be obeyed or fulfilled exactly, but it is sufficient if a directory enactment be obeyed or fulfilled substantially, although in many other cases it had been held that even a complete noncompliance of a directory provision has been held as not affecting the validity of an act done in breach thereof. 36. Accordingly, it can be construed that as the provision of the UGC Regulations of 2010 is recommendatory or directory and as the said Regulations have not been adopted by the Gauhati University, therefore, any non-compliance of the provision of Clause 7.3.0 of the UGC Regulations of 2010 while appointing a member of the Advisory Board for selection of a Vice Chancellor, would not vitiate the appointment of such member. 37. Mr. KN Choudhury, learned senior counsel for the petitioner had also took the stand that the advertisement dated 10.07.2018 of the Gauhati University inviting applications/nominations for the post of Vice Chancellor provides that applications are being invited from interested candidates who are eligible as per the UGC norms and at the relevant time, as the UGC Regulations of 2010 was in force, therefore, the provision for eligibility as per UGC norms as appearing in the advertisement would have Page No.# 13/17 to be construed to be the eligibility norms under the UGC Regulations of 2010. Accordingly a contention is raised that the advertisement itself is an indication that atleast for the post of Vice Chancellor the Gauhati University had adopted the UGC Regulations of 2010 and it being so, the provisions of Clause 7.3.0 of the Regulations are binding. 38. Per contra, it is the contention of Mr. D Saikia, learned senior Additional Advocate General, Assam that under the service jurisprudence an employer can bring in any kind of eligibility condition, if otherwise acceptable under the law and merely because an eligibility condition in respect of the candidates had been borrowed from the UGC Regulations, the same by itself would not mean that the whole of the Regulations have been adopted for the purpose. 39. Accordingly, we are inclined not to accept the contention of the petitioner that as because the advertisement dated 10.07.2018 invites applications from candidates eligible as per UGC norms, that by itself, would be an indication that the UGC Regulations of 2010 had been adopted by the Gauhati University. 40. As regards the contention that the advertisement dated 10.07.2018 invited applications from candidates eligible as per the UGC norms and the UGC norms being the eligibility prescribed in the UGC Regulations of 2010, therefore, it has to be construed that the Gauhati University had adopted the UGC Regulations of 2010, we look into the matter from the perspective that it is now well settled that it is open to the appointing authority to lay down requisite qualifications or eligibility for recruitment and this enablement pertains to the domain of a policy. 41. In this respect reference can be made to the pronouncement of the Supreme Court rendered in Banarsidas –vs- State of U.P reported in AIR 1956 SC 520, wherein in paragraph-4 it has been held as under:- “ ……In our opinion, it is open to the appointing authority to lay down the requisite qualifications for recruitment to Government service and it is open to that authority to lay down such prerequisite conditions of appointment as would be conducive to the maintenance of proper discipline amongst Government servants….” Page No.# 14/17 42. Having accepted that it is the prerogative of the appointing authority to prescribe the qualification and eligibility, by invoking the principles of adoption by incorporation, the appointing authority can be construed to be empowered to prescribe a qualification and eligibility by incorporating it from any other provision. 43. In the Principles of Statutory Interpretation by Justice G P Singh, in the 14th edition in page- 352, it has been provided as follows:- “…….When an earlier Act or certain of its provisions are incorporated by reference into a later Act, the provisions so incorporated become part and parcel of the later Act as if they had been “bodily transposed into it”. The effect of incorporation is admirably stated by Lord ESHER, M.R.: “If a subsequent Act brings into itself by reference some of the clauses of a former Act, the legal effect of that, as has often been held, is to write those sections into the new Act as if they had been actually written in it with the pen, or printed in it.” 44. The principle of incorporation clearly provides that when an earlier Act or certain provisions of it are incorporated by reference to a later Act, the provision so incorporated become part and parcel of the later Act, as if they have been bodily transposed to it and further, if a subsequent Act brings into itself by reference of some of the clauses of a former Act, the legal affect of that would be to write those clauses of the former Act into the new Act. 45. From the aforesaid propositions of law, it is discernible that even a part of a former Act can be incorporated into a subsequent Act and when it is so done, only the part of the former Act which had been incorporated can be held to have been incorporated in the subsequent Act, which in the corollary would mean that if the part of the former Act is incorporated, the whole of the said Act may not have been incorporated. 46. Of course, as accepted by the Supreme Court in Surana Steels Pvt. Ltd. –vs- The Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax and Ors, reported in (1999) 4 SCC 306, it would be perfectly legitimate to refer to all the other provision of such Act in order to ascertain as to what the incorporated Page No.# 15/17 provision had meant. But at the same time although it may be legitimate to refer to the other provisions, but that again cannot lead to an inference that the whole of the provisions of the Act had been incorporated. 47. By adopting the aforesaid principle, even if the advertisement dated 10.07.2018 do incorporate certain eligibility conditions prescribed in the UGC Regulations of 2010, it has to be construed that only such eligibility clauses of the Regulations which had been incorporated in the advertisement, are alone incorporated and it cannot be construed or interpreted that because of such incorporation, the whole of the UGC Regulations of 2010 had been adopted by the Gauhati University for the purpose of carrying out the advertisement dated 10.07.2018. 48. From the aforesaid conclusion also we are unable to accept the contention that as because the advertisement dated 10.07.2018 invites applications from candidates eligible under the UGC norms, therefore, the whole of the UGC Regulations of 2010 had been adopted by the Gauhati University. 49. We further take note of that the appointment of the respondent No.4 Professor Dulal Chandra Goswami to the Advisory Board for selection of the Vice Chancellor had been assailed by taking recourse to Clause-7.3.0 of the UGC Regulations of 2010 on the ground that the said clause of the Regulations contain a provision that any person connected with the University in any manner would be ineligible for such appointment. Although the provisions of the UGC Regulations of 2010, in the absence of any adoption of it by the State Government or the Gauhati University makes it recommendatory or directory, but still to understand the said inability prescribed in Clause-7.3.0, we can examine the interpretation of the expression ‘connected with the university in any manner’. 50. In order to arrive at a purposive interpretation of Clause-7.3.0 providing for the ineligibility provision to a person connected with the university in any manner would require to explore the reason as to why such inability clause had been provided for. The obvious answer appears to be that Clause- 7.3.0 contemplates a situation that if a member of the Advisory Board for selection of the Vice Chancellor is connected with the university in any manner, such person may have some further insider information about the candidates or that because of any past association, such member may be biased either in favour or against a given candidate for the post of Vice Chancellor. The purposive requirement of the said provision would be that the person should not be connected with the Page No.# 16/17 University in such manner that because of his connection, the opinion that he may form as a member of the Advisory Board in respect of a given candidate may be influenced by other extraneous reason. 51. When we take into consideration the aforesaid proposition and look into the aspect as to in what manner the respondent No.4 Professor Dulal Chandra Goswami is connected with the University, the materials on record indicates that by the appropriate resolution of the Executive Council, he was made a member of the Selection Committee of the University for selection of Professors, Lecturers and other Officers of the University. As a member of the Selection Committee, the role of the respondent No.4 would be recommendatory in nature for making such selections in a situation where the final decision on the selection would be made only by the appropriate authority of the University. Further, apart from participating in such selection procedure, no other role is discernible that may have been prescribed to the respondent No.4. In such situation it would be difficult to accept that the respondent No.4 is connected with the Gauhati University in a manner so as to satisfy the purposive requirement of Clause-7.3.0 of the UGC Regulations of 2010, even though such provisions of the Regulations may be recommendatory or directory. 52. From the materials available on record by the State Government as well as the Gauhati University, we cannot conclude otherwise, other than to conclude that the Gauhati University had not adopted the UGC Regulations of 2010. It being so, by following the proposition laid down by the Supreme Court in Kalyani Mathivanan (supra), the provisions of the UGC Regulations of 2010, including that of Clause-7.3.0 thereof would be in the nature of recommendatory or directory as regards the Gauhati University is concerned and accordingly, by following the propositions of law regarding the effect of not complying with a directory provision as indicated above, any noncompliance of the provision of Clause-7.3.0 of the UGC Regulations of 2010 by the Executive Council while appointing the respondent No.4 Professor Dulal Chandra Goswami as a member of the Advisory Board for selection of the Vice Chancellor, would not on its own vitiate such appointment. 53. Further, we are also of the view that as the materials on record shows that the respondent No.4 Professor Dulal Chandra Goswami is connected with the Gauhati University only on the basis of being a member of the Selection Committee for selection of Professors, Lecturers and Officers etc.,of the University, on a purposive analysis of Clause-7.3.0 of the UGC Regulations of 2010, the respondent Page No.# 17/17 No.4 cannot be said to be ineligible to be a member of the Advisory Board for selection of the Vice Chancellor merely because of his connection with the University as a member of such Selection Committee. 54. A suggestion has been made that as the respondent No.4 had been appointed to the Selection Committee by the Executive Council in its meeting of 31.03.2018 and 24.04.2018 where the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor had also participated, therefore, the respondent No.4 may feel obliged to favour the said earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor in the selection process for the new Vice Chancellor, where the earlier Vice Chancellor would also participate. 55. In the absence of any material on record to suspect such contention, it appears to us to be slightly farfetched and preposterous to accept that merely because the earlier incumbent Vice Chancellor was a part of the Executive Council appointing the respondent No.4 to the Selection Committee, therefore, the same respondent No.4 when made a member of the Advisory Board would be influenced in favour of the earlier Vice Chancllor while discharging his duties as a member of the Advisory Board. 56. For the reasons and circumstances narrated hereinabove, we are of the view that the petitioner has failed to make out any case calling for an interference of the resolutions of the Executive Council of the Gauhati University in its meeting of 31.03.2018 and 24.04.2018 constituting the Advisory Board for selection of the Vice Chancellor of the University. 57. Accordingly the writ petition is found to be devoid of any merit and the same stands dismissed. Interim order, if any, passed earlier stands vacated. JUDGE Comparing Assistant "